Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Part II:
Inductive Reasoning and Karl Marx.
Attacking the Patriarchal Family.
by
Dean Gotcher
Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18
To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. Psalms 14:1-3
Let no man deceive himself. If any man among you seemeth to be wise in this world, let him become a fool, that he may be wise. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. And again, The Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that they are vain. 1 Corinthians 3:18-20
Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God. Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth; comparing spiritual things with spiritual. But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. But he that is spiritual judgeth all things, yet he himself is judged of no man. For who hath known the mind of the Lord, that he may instruct him? But we have the mind of Christ. 1 Corinthians 2:12-16
For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of God. For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe. For the Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom: But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumblingblock, and unto the Greeks foolishness; But unto them which are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God, and the wisdom of God. Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men; and the weakness of God is stronger than men. For ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called: But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: That no flesh should glory in his presence. 1 Corinthians 1:18-29
For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. Romans 1:20-25
Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts in your ignorance: But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy. And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear: Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, Who by him do believe in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory; that your faith and hope might be in God. 1 Peter 1:13-21
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING DEFINED
Some thoughts on the Second American Revolution
Understanding the French Revolution
Patricide―a Paradigm "Shift"
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING PART II
PART TWO OF THREE PARTS ON DEDUCTIVE-INDUCTIVE REASONING
Change Agents―Changing the Paradigm
The object is the justifier.
There is a place for inductive reasoning.Inductive Reasoning―Negating Condemnation
Inductive Reasoning―To Remain Esoteric
Inductive Reasoning―Extrapolation & Appropriate InformationThe Holy Family Chapter V "Critical Criticism" by Karl Marx (an analysis of the use of inductive reasoning by Marx)
Substituting real science with "so called Science"
A Deductive Categorical Imperative:
An Inductive Categorical Imperative:
Change requires process and process guarantees change.
The Negation of God―The Negation of Negation.
The liberation of speculative philosophy.
Replacing a priori with theory.
The Whole is Different than the Sum of its Parts-turning bricks into sidewalks.
"collective contemplative action"
The Cause of Alienation.The Tower of Babel "The dialectical method was overthrown-
Utilizing Education for the Paradigm "Shift."
Eros must rule if man is to be united.
Consensus―Recovering man's earthly foundation.
Dialectical Process and its tie to Inductive Reasoning (theory).
Redefining Christianity for the PURPOSE of World Peace
World Peace―reality as found in human praxis.
The unspeculative Christian and his hold on education.
False teaching―Science vs. Religion.
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING DEFINED
Behavior "Science"―Social Engineering: The Improper use of Inductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning: an a priori, a premise is used to evaluate the rightness of praxis-human behavior.
"In a deductive argument, the truth of the premises is supposed to guarantee the truth of the conclusion." Garth Kemerling 2002.
When the correct procedure is applied then we are certain of the outcome.
(2 + 2 = 4 whether used on toys, bridges, rockets, etc.)
Inductive reasoning: praxis-human behavior is used to evaluate the "rightness" of an a priori, a premise.
"In an inductive argument, the truth of the premises merely makes it probable that the conclusion is true." Garth Kemerling 2002.
Despite the "correct" procedure being applied we will always be uncertain about the outcome.
("We can not be certain that 2 + 2 is always going to be 4." I have actually met "math" professors, head of math departments at universities, who say this.)
Improper use of Inductive Reasoning
When applied to human experience, inductive reasoning liberates man from the necessity of revelation to know truth.
All commands, laws, or rules must be understandable, rational, and reasonable to the one obeying or following them.
"Neither the Bible nor the prophets neither the revelations of God nor man – can take precedence over my own direct experience." Carl Rogers On Becoming a Person
"Emancipation lies in fantasy and the language of experience irreducible to linguistic rules: mimesis." Stephen Erik Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
by
Dean Gotcher
Some thoughts on the Second American Revolution.
INDUCTIVE REASONING AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
The American and the French Revolutions were the result of different ways of thinking or, the word used today is, paradigms. The underlying thought process can be defined as the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning. (See Deductive-Inductive Reasoning Part I). Americans predominately thought deductively; from a premise, from an a priori, in other words from the Word of God, while the French directorate―made up of lawyers―thought inductively―from their analysis of changing social needs (human perception).
Americans understood that:
1. man is not good,
2. he does not will to good, and
3. his passions are not ok (negative).
Those who usurped authority over the citizens of France believed that:
1. man was basically good,
2. he willed to do good, and
3. his passions were ok (positive).
If you believe that man is basically good, then the way to solve individual and social ills is to discover and then create a healthy social environment, only then can the goodness of mankind be emancipated. Man's problems, according to this reasoning, do not lie just in himself, they also lie in the environment that he lives in, and the solution to man's problems does not lie in some external higher power above man, but in man himself and in his environment. The environment itself must be changed―in the homes, in the workplaces, in the communities, in the political, in the religious, in the totality of society―if man has any hope of becoming healthy. "It's not my fault! It's my parent's fault, my teacher's fault, my predecessor's fault, etc." This type of reasoning is why I call liberals sulking children, like Hitler, its never their fault, its somebody else's fault―the fault lies in the environment that I was raised in.
Create the healthy environment and the healthy citizen will develop.
But, according to this paradigm, the person will not be able to become healthy on his own. He is contaminated with deductive reasoning and must be assisted in experiencing healthy thinking―inductive reasoning―and healthy praxis or experience. Not only must he experience this way of thinking for himself, he must learn how to create and sustain such an environment for the health of others. This is the justifying thought process for the bloody French, Russian, Chinese, etc. Revolutions. While the transformational revolutions of today may no appear to be bloody, they are. It comes now in a new form of caring; the justification for abortion, euthanasia, letting the innocent die―dying with dignity. It is the same justification the U.N. uses for the world health program (WHO)―it is not just for physical health, it is also mental and social health.
The trick is to get "unhealthy" people, who do not see themselves as "unhealthy," to willingly participate in the "healthy" environment, for their own good "health"―called "therapy for 'normals.'" Traditional Marxists used force to simply remove the "unhealthy people" for the sake of the good society, while transformational Marxists now use seduction and manipulate to get the "unhealthy" people to "willingly" participate―for their own good and their children's good of course. The real objective is getting their help in developing, sustaining, and enforcing the "good" society.
"Citizens are obliged to concern themselves with the upbringing of children, to train them for socially useful work, and to raise them as worthy members of socialist society." "Socially useful work and its results determine a persons status in society." Articles 66 and 14, "Former" USSR Constitution.
"We will know that our knowledge of the authoritarian character structure is truly scientific when an average authoritarian character will be able to read the information on the subject and the regard his own authoritarian character as undesirable or sick or pathological and will go about trying to get rid of it." "We don't know the answers to the question: What proportion of the population is irreversibly authoritarian?" Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management
This is the mindset of liberals, even if they call themselves "conservatives." This is the same global justifying ideology of the CFR, NAFTA, GATT, FEMA, OBE, TQM, TQL, HMO, STW, ISO, DARE, COPS, etc. This is the mindset of most people in the American Government today, and why our government is re-defining how the home, the workplace, government, and religious institutions should function. Today we hear of healthy homes, healthy workplaces, healthy schools, healthy government, even healthy churches. Welcome to the principles of the French Revolution―inductive reasoning, dialectical paradigm. Welcome to the democratic principles we are now "defending" at home and imposing on other nations around the world.
These principles did not just show up on the scene by themselves. There have been many who have worked hard to maneuver our nation into this quest for "world democracy." Human Relations in Curriculum Change, edited by Kenneth Benne, is an example of such an effort. Many, who have been the foundation for contemporary education, have written about their agenda to transform America from a constitutional republic into a globalist democratic society.
". . . should fascism become a powerful force in this country, it would parade under the banners of traditional American democracy. . . ‘rugged individualism'" "...democratic type of relationship, the ability of the subject to appraise his parents objectively, as contrasted with an inclination to put the parents on a very high plane." "The democratic alternative, humanitarianism, (is) the ability to like and dislike, to value and oppose, individuals on the basis of concrete specific experience;" "What is particularly important here is that recognition of one's own individuality is the basis for recognition of the individuality of everyone, and for the democratic concept of the dignity of man." " Only when the process of production is organized on a socialist basis, they argue, can there be true economic democracy, equality or management and labor, and a high national standard of living." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality.
"In Escape from Freedom, Fromm offered the sado-masochistic character as the core of the authoritarian personality." "The antithesis of the ‘authoritarian' type was called ‘revolutionary.'" "By The Authoritarian Personality ‘revolutionary' had changed to the ‘democratic.'" Martin Jay The Dialectical Imagination
" ... the central problem of democracy is not the discovery of some optimal solution or standard for ranking incommensurate values; ... The central problem of democracy is instead the formation of a somewhat vaguely defined ‘postconventional' consensus through which everyone affected by a decision must be able to participate in reaching it." Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
"We may call this new order by the name of democratic socialism but the name does not matter; all that matters is that we establish a rational economic system serving the purposes of the people. Only in a planned economy in which the whole nation has rationally mastered the economic and social forces can the individual share responsibility and use creative intelligence in his work. All that matters is that the opportunity for genuine activity be restored to the individual; that the purposes of society and of his own become identical." Erick Fromm Escape from Freedom
"In a democratic society a patriarchal culture should make us depressed instead of glad; it is an argument against the higher possibilities of human nature, of self actualization." "In our democratic society, any enterprise--any individual--has its obligations to the whole." "Tax credits would be given to the company that helps to improve the whole society, and helps to improve the democracy by helping to create democratic individuals." Abraham Maslow, Maslow on Management, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998. p. 66
"Changing a group atmosphere from autocracy toward democracy through a democratic leadership means that the autocratic followers must shift toward a genuine acceptance of the role of democratic followers." "It is of utmost importance that the trainer of democratic leaders establish and hold his position of leadership." "In a democratic process deviation is welcomed as a possible source of improvement in common ways of thinking and acting." Kenneth Benne Human Relations in Curriculum Change
"Has authority been banished in these later days? Has the world reached a point where it will condone the formation of pupil soviets?" Will C. Woods, Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of California March 1921
Intellectual liberals, like Marx, worship the events of the French Revolution. It was a manifestation of the god of their salvation. The voice of their god could be heard back in the garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1-6) and even before. (Isaiah 14:12-15)
"In the process of history man gives birth to himself. He becomes what he potentially is, and he attains what the serpent―the symbol of wisdom and rebellion―promised, and what the patriarchal, jealous God of Adam did not wish: that man would become like God himself." Erick Fromm You shall be as gods: A radical interpretation of the old testament and its tradition 1966
In American it was understood that man was "accountable to higher authority," while in the French he was "accountable to mankind." In America, we fought for inalienable rights (rights granted to the individual citizen by a higher authority than man and his councils, rights that no man or council could put a lien on, rights that only the individual citizen could abdicate, and only for himself). The French citizens ended up with human rights (determined by committees "in touch with changing times," to serve and protect the "brotherhood").
In America, while the king was seen as a tyrant, an oppressor of his people, we did not kill the king and get rid of the office of the king, we simply reformed the system, dividing the office, limiting the power of the officers, letting "the vote of the people" determine the office holders, thus giving the citizen the greatest amount of freedom to think and live deductively under God.
In France the opposite was true. The King and anyone who thought like him, was killed, the king system was replaced with a "directorate" (politburo-soviet consensus system) which ruled with ruthless force, guided by the zeitgeist (the spirit of the times). which was perceived by committees, sensitive (con-sensus) to the "will of the people" (the brotherhood). All "worthy" citizens were to think inductively, "one for all and all for one," or experience the fate of the King (the father figure―the patriarch), patricide.
"In the dialogic relation of recognizing oneself in the other, they experience the common ground of their existence." "the revolution that must occur is the reaction of suppressed life, which will visit the causality of fate upon the rulers." [patricide] "Therefore the dialectic of the moral life must repeat itself until the materialist spell that is cast upon the reproduction of social life, the Biblical curse of necessary labor, is broken technologically." Jürgen Habermas Knowledge & Human Interest, 1968, publ. Polity Press, 1987. Chapter Three: The Idea of the Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory emphasis added
According to Habermas, when labor, the earthly curse of Adam's sin, is overcome with technological advancements through the result of human collaboration (col-labor-ation), then man will be delivered from the system of sin―blind obedience to higher authority, necessitating deductive reasoning, will be washed from human consciousness.
"Man has only to understand himself, to take himself as the measure of all aspects of life, to judge according to his being, to organise the world in a truly human manner according to the demands of his own nature, and he will have solved the riddle of our time. But there is no other salvation for him, he cannot regain his humanity, his substance, other than by thoroughly overcoming all religious ideas and returning firmly and honestly, not to 'God', but to himself." Frederick Engels The Condition of England A review of Past and Present, by Thomas Carlyle, London, 1843 Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, 1844
"Prior to therapy the person is prone to ask himself ‘What would my parents want me to do?' During the process of therapy the individual comes to ask himself ‘What does it mean to me?'" Carl Rogers On Becoming a Person
When man, "the measure of all aspects of life," creates the world of his desires, the world of "leisure" and "guaranteed sustenance," then hedonism will rule the land. Unregenerate man will not enter into Gods rest. As revealed in the scriptures, those who think they can create a "healthy" garden environment are fools.
Understanding the French Revolution:
#1. The bourgeoisie are the patriarchal, didactic, deductive reasoning, authority based, obedience demanding, status quo, traditionally thinking parents. "Dad and mom are not perfect, but the office is."
#2. The "most numerous part of the mass," the proletariat, are the adolescent, resenting authority, sulking, disobedient, rebellious, always thinking about themselves, feelings driven children. The agenda is to give the proletariat-adolescent the freedom to collectively visualize and rationalize the termination1 of the bourgeoisie-parents and the support to collectedly actualize it (revolution).
# 3. The vanguard party are the facilitators in education, the workplace, government, the church, etc. who provide an experiential chasm2 for the children to learn to think inductively and act dialectically. Dialectically minded children always display hostilities toward their patriarchal parents, both in theory and in practice. Dialectic minded societies always execute their patriarchal citizens, i.e. French Revolution, Russian Revolution, Chinese Revolution, Second American Revolution, etc. They always eradicate the father figure (the patriarch), not only in theory but also in practice. They see no wrong in even killing their own children if it is done for the betterment of society i.e. If its done for the betterment of society―the team, the village, the environment, etc.―it is always right.
"Once the earthly family is discovered to be the secret of the heavenly family, the former must be destroyed in theory and in practice." Karl Marx, Feuerbach Thesis # 4
"A stranger, even if his name were God, who imposes commands upon us must be resisted, he must be killed because nobody can stand him." Paul Tillich source: Leonard F. Wheat Paul Tillich's Dialectical Humanism 1970
What failed in the French Revolution, according to Karl Marx, was that the citizens were not thinking inductively. While they may have been backers of the "healthy society," they were themselves obstacles to the "healthy society." Even though they reasoned inductively, evaluating their present conditions (IS), they did not grasp the possibilities (OUGHT), and thus they remained under the restraining influence of deductive thinking (NOT). They continued to argue from an a priori, albeit secular position, they had arrived at inductively. They had come to see mankind (themselves and society) as the object but they had not grasped that the objective was not to be a prescribed definitive position but was instead to be human praxis, a speculative-discursive-collective experience―a spontaneous-creative-collective moment. Their brain had not been washed of the need for an a priori. It is not an objective of studying and knowing about Marx or Freud or God but of being Marx or Freud or god.
They had not experienced for themselves the paradigm shift, a dialectical praxis. I debated for some time about putting Dialectical Praxis in the Transformational Inductive-deductive-cycle/OBJECT row/column in the following Paradigm Shift chart. Ideally the person would become as Carl Rogers defines in stage seven of the seven stages of process "... he lives openly and freely in relation to others, guiding his behavior on the basis of his immediate experiencing – he has become an integrated process of changingness." Carl Rogers On becoming a person. They had remained in a mental-habitual metaphysical condition and had not experienced for themselves the act of practicality―willfully participated in the praxis of patricide. As the Marxist György Lukács put it, "… in all metaphysics the object remains untouched and unaltered so that thought remains contemplative and fails to become practical; while for the dialectical method the central problem is to change reality.… reality with its ‘obedience to laws , … is impenetrable, fatalistic and immutable." György Lukács History & Class Consciousness Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? March, 1919
Conscientisation: "The process in which men, not as recipients, but as knowing subjects, achieve a deepening awareness both of the socio-cultural reality which shapes their lives and their capacity to transform that reality." (Freire cited in Schubeck S J, 1993: 46 n 41)
This condition has been defined as being in a state of habitualization. Other words used in the processed environment are communitization, democratization, conscientisation, etc. All these are the consequence of participating in and embracing of the dialectic-praxis world of consensus building. These are more a condition rather than an object. The neurolinguistic condition of putting theory into practice, the uniting of theory and practice. Again, the very essence of brain washing carries this same spirit, a contempt for true deductive reasoning―a disrespect for those who put an a priori, a truth, a belief, external to human experience, into practice above and against the natural inclinations of man, i.e. belief-action dichotomy. This spirit of nature when given full voice indubitable exhibits an unsympathetic ruthlessness toward any person or institution which exhibits a deductive-didactic-patriarchal paradigm.
O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not! Luke 13:34
And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented; (Of whom the world was not worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth. Hebrews 11:36-38
This revolutionary principle, this paradigm shift of the French Revolution is the democratic principle of today which carries with it the same disparaging attitude toward those who continue to hold fast to the principles of the American Revolution, a Revolution inspired by men who's foundation of thought and behavior was built on the deductive reasoning as found in the Word of God. We are now experiencing the French Revolution, we are in the Second American Revolution. But this time, those who lead the Revolution are making sure the objective is participatory democracy―consensus; all must praxis the dialectical process, all must incarnate the collective, universal, cosmic Mind. All must become "group think."
Paradigm Shift |
OBJECT |
PARADIGM |
|
Traditional-Didactic |
Deductive | God | PATRIARCHAL PRAXIS |
Transitional-Dialogic |
deductive-inductive-confusion | Individual Man-God | MATRIARCHAL PRAXIS |
Transformational-Dialectic |
Inductive-deductive-cycle | Individual Man-Collective Mankind | HERESIARCHAL PRAXIS |
"If the 1789 French Revolution was a failure it was because the most numerous part of the mass, the part distinct from the bourgeoisie, did not have its real interest in the principle of the Revolution, did not have a revolutionary principle of its own, but only an 'idea', and hence only an object of momentary enthusiasm and only seeming uplift." Karl Marx The Holy Family Chapter VI Absolute Critical Criticism, Or Critical Criticism As Herr Bruno 1) Absolute Criticism's First Campaign a) 'Spirit' and 'Mass'
1 "Can the student accept the fact that the traditional family might be changed and might possibly disappear?" Paul Dressell et al. General Education: Explorations in Evaluation, American Council on Education, 1954, P. 185
2 "In order to effect rapid change, . . . [one] must mount a vigorous attack on the family lest the traditions of present generations be preserved. It is necessary, in other words, artificially to create an experiential chasm between parents and children— One must teach them not to respect their tradition-bound elders, who are tied to the past and know only what is irrelevant." "The consequences of family democratization take a long time to make themselves felt–but it would be difficult to reverse the process once begun." Warren Bennis The Temporary Society
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING PART II
Inductive Reasoning and Karl Marx;
Attacking the Patriarchal Family.
by
Dean Gotcher
"When I tried to understand all this, it was oppressive to me till I entered the sanctuary of God; then I understood their final destiny."
Psalm 73:16
PART TWO OF THREE PARTS ON DEDUCTIVE-INDUCTIVE REASONING
The confusing language that educators and facilitators, social-psychologists (transformational Marxists), are using to mask their socialist, materialist agenda can be identified as the same language style that Karl Marx used in his day. The dialectic process, made popular in Europe by G. W. F. Hegel, was "fine tuned" by Marx. Although void of the field of psychology, to come latter through the Frankfurt School, Kurt Lewin, J. L. Moreno, etc., Marx understood the importance of systems, as in systems thinking, and the changing of patterns of thought if the Christian faith was to be eradicated. This Diaprax article explains how Marx "clarified" his religion of cosmic praxis as he exposed the "error" of the young Hegelians in their continued use of deductive reasoning. This religion of cosmic praxis is now implemented in the classrooms of America and even in the churches. It now permeates every facet of our society. It has become the pattern of policy for every institution on the earth, except for one, the true Church.
The True Church, has not fallen for Lucifer's trap. It has not fallen away from the faith because it continues to deductively bring "into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ." 2 Corinthians 10:5 It refused to participate in the pattern utilized by the beast. It continues to "Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand." Ephesians 6:11 Many Christians may not recognize the pattern of the beast but they can discern the spirit. We are not to be ignorant of Satan's devices.
As the Apostle Paul wrote concerning obedience and forgiveness, "For to this end also did I write, that I might know the proof of you, whether ye be obedient in all things. To whom ye forgive any thing, I forgive also: for if I forgave any thing, to whom I forgave it, for your sakes forgave I it in the person of Christ; Lest Satan should get an advantage of us: for we are not ignorant of his devices." 2 Corinthians 2:9-11 Because of the universality of the dialectical procedure, and our inclination to utilize it to justify our carnal nature it is important that we recognize its pattern. This knowledge can not replace the work of God and His Word but instead must lead us to repentance, to humble ourselves before Him, and proclaim His word as He guides us by His Holy Spirit.
Jesus Christ, as our savior and lord, must increase and we must decrease in all things. He is Peace, Joy, Love, Truth, Life, and the Way. He is our refreshing and our rest, apart from him there is only vanity and darkness. Diaprax and its pattern is not of him. It is the pattern of wolves in sheep skins. It is the pattern of Church Growth. Many Christians have discerned the presence of wolves, this following information is to help Christians recognize wolves them as such as they rise up in the midst of the fold or come through the door. "O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace be with thee. Amen." 1 Timothy 6:20-21
Dean Gotcher
"Not feeling at home in the sinful world, Critical Criticism must set up a sinful world in its own home."* Karl Marx The Holy Family Chapter VII Critical Criticism's Correspondence 1) The Critical Mass
*"Not feeling at home in the Religious-Deductive Reasoning world, Critical Criticism must set up a Secular-Deductive Reasoning world in its own home."
Marx attacks deductive thinking with "inductive" reasoning. In his assault upon Christianity he uses social issues as his platform. He berates the religious by deriding the secular, in this case the young Hegelians, to whom the statement above was directed. What they both had in common was they continued to think deductively (didactic, patriarchal paradigm). In his work, The Holy Family, Marx criticizes Herr Szeliga's, a "young Hegelian," for the use of deductive reasoning, for his "Mystéres de Paris." He refers to Herr Szeliga's though process as "aesthetic prologue," "poetic fiction," "free art," and that Herr Szeliga "invents something quite new, something that absolutely never existed before," "'the gap that separates immortality' from 'transience' and 'must continually be filled.'" Karl Marx counters Herr Szeliga's deductively reasoned a priori statement, "Before the law and the judge everything is equal, the high and the low, the rich and the poor. This proposition stands at the head of the credo of the state" with his own inductively reasoned statement, "Of the state? The credo of most states starts, on the contrary, by making the high and the low, the rich and the poor unequal before the law (the mystery of the antithesis of poor and rich)." With such dialectical-inductive reasoning Marx condemns the secular for continuing to use deductive reasoning while accomplishing his real goal of destroying what he saw as the foundation of Christian thought―deductive reasoning. In other words, the masses would continue to blindly follow leadership, albeit secular leadership, and not experience within themselves the spirit of the masses, that spirit which hurls itself ruthlessly against the traditional behaving-didactic thinking-deductive reasoning-patriarchal paradigm.
The great polemic against Hegel in The Holy Family concentrates mainly on this point.. Hegel's inadequacy is that he only seems to allow the absolute spirit to make history. The resulting otherworldliness of consciousness vis-d-vis the real events of history becomes, in the hands of Hegel's disciples, an arrogant-and reactionary confrontation of ‘spirit' and ‘mass'. György Lukács History & Class Consciousness Class Consciousness March, 1920
"ruthless critique of everything existing"
Karl Marx
Marx, and those who think like him, saw the family, and the patriarchal based society which supported it, as the generator and sustainer of deductive, "unhealthy thinking." "Human consciousness can be liberated from the parental complex only be being liberated from its cultural derivatives, the paternalistic state and the patriarchal God." Norman Brown Life Against Death. What I hear social engineers saying and writing today, just as Marx was expressing in his day, is that Categorical Imperatives―God's Law over man or the parent's law over the child―produce a fear of judgment. Even when the patriarch figure is not around, i.e. he has left the room or has deceased, etc., this fear of judgment continues to block a person from exploring areas of personal desire (inclinations) which were blocked by the patriarch figure in the past. When other people demonstrate behavior consistent with those same latent or suppressed desires, the person's fear of judgment will prevent them from participating, resulting either in an attack upon the other person, verbal and or physical, or a distancing from them (prejudice). Thus, the constant drum beating of liberals is that religion, particularly Protestant religion, carries with it a strong appreciation of categorical imperatives and the individuals responsibly to obey them, i.e. the fear of God. The dialectical method must therefore be used to destroy such a paradigm if prejudice is to be removed. Therefore to return the person to the world of reality he must experience for himself a "healthy," collective, discursive, inductively reasoned praxis.
"When the dialectical method destroys the fiction of the immortality of the categories [God's Law over man, parents law over child, etc.] it also destroys their reified character [Fear of God above man, parent above child, etc.] and clears the way to a knowledge of reality [Social Eros.] György Lukács History & Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? 1919 [brackets added]
"For one class to stand for the whole of society, another must be the class of universal offense and the embodiment of universal limits. A particular social sphere must stand for the notorious crime of the whole society, so that liberation from this sphere appears to be universal liberation. For one class to be the class par excellence of liberation, another class must, on the other hand, be openly the subjugating class." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
"If a paradigm is ever to triumph it must gain some first supporters, men who will develop it to the point where hardheaded arguments can be produced and multiplied (which eventuates in) an increasing shift in the distribution of professional allegiances (where upon ) the man who continues to resist after his whole profession has been converted is ipso facto ceased to be a scientist." Thomas Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
"Scientific knowledge, like language, is intrinsically the common property of a group or else nothing at all. To understand it we shall need to know the special characteristics of the groups that create and use it." Thomas Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
"A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it." Thomas Kuhn quoting Max Planck's famous dictum.
While teaching and researching in an American university, Kurt Lewin, a transformational Marxist, expressed the same ideology decades latter.
"The negative valence of a forbidden object which in itself attracts the child thus usually derives from an induced field of force of an adult. If this field of force loses its psychological existence for the child (e.g., if the adult goes away or loses his authority) the negative valence also disappears." Kurt Lewin A Dynamic Theory of Personality: Selected Papers, McGraw Hill emphasis in original
The repeated message is, the traditional family perpetuates the "opiate of the masses,"―religion, specifically Protestant Christian religion and its insistence upon obedience to authority, particularly God's authority above man (the priesthood of all believers), and thus its individual dependence upon deductive reasoning.
To bring "the church" into inductive reasoning would be one of Marx's, and the worlds, greatest accomplishments. "World peace" depends upon all bending their knees to the inductive reasoning, dialectical process. Those who use this system, use it to destroy not only the system found within the patriarchal home but also to destroy the system used by man to serve a patriarchal God.
"Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise; That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth." Ephesians 6:1-3
"I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me." John 5:30
"For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father who sent me, he gave me commandment what I should say, and what I should speak." John 12:49
"And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your father, which is in heaven." Matthew 23:9
"For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother." Matthew 12:50
"Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my father which is in heaven." Matthew 7:21
"Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." Philippians 2:5-8
"Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." Philippians 2: 9-11
"Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure. Do all things without murmurings and disputings: That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain." Philippians 2:12-16
"He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am? And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." Matthew 16:15-19
Change Agents―Changing the Paradigm
"Language, like consciousness, only arises from the need, the necessity, of intercourse with other men."
Karl Marx MEGA I/5, p. 19
Change Agents continue to use "inductive reasoning" to seduce deductive reasoning Christians into an environment of discourse, where they are then deceived. Seduction is getting the Christians (a deductive thinker, a person of faith) to focus on their own personal needs as well as the needs of others, thus making them the object. Deception is getting them to "engage" the word of God as their own interpretation (treating God's word as their own opinion, amongst other opinions―"I feel ...," ' think ..."―in an effort "to be impartial to others"―making the individual-group-mankind-society a subject-object synthesis. By this method liberals are able to amputate Christians from their reasoning from the mind of Christ―regarding man as the Object. By trying to be "fair or equal with others," the religious person suffers the loss of their "religious foundation." The unquestionable and universal Word of God no longer remains as their defense. (See Categorical Imperative)
Justification is found in the object. When Jesus Christ is the Object, He is the justification. When the parent is the object, the parent is the justification, When the child becomes the object, the child becomes the justification (anarchy). When man is the object, he is the justification. When society is the object, it is the justification. Inductive reasoning is being used when justification is sought for from within the creation―the subject is discover himself through evaluation―self-actualization, making himself the object. Deductive reasoning is being used when justification is revealed from the creator―the Object, we, apart from his Spirit, know only as an object (not limited by, or bound or tied to our subjective feelings and thoughts) is known through faith in his objective premise or a priori―commands.
"So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Romans 10:17
"But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is (deductive reasoning), and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him." Hebrews 11:6
"For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom (inductive reasoning) knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching (deductive reasoning) to save them that believe." 1 Corinthians 1:21
"But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtlety (inductive reasoning), so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity (deductive reasoning―obedience) that is in Christ." 2 Corinthians 11:3
"But have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully;"
"For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake." 2 Corinthians 4:2, 5
(emphasis added)
All these verses reveal the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning, between man and God
For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. Isaiah 55:8,9
There is a place for inductive reasoning.
Scientists use inductive reasoning to discover the laws of the material world. When properly used, we can become aware there is a God, there is a designer, a creator. But without God revealing himself through revelation we can not know him and then without the use of deductive reasoning we can not serve God, we can only remain in a materialist state of awareness of something greater then ourselves (philosophy, worldly religions). We are to evaluate our experiences in life from God's word, his a priori standards, through obedience, through deductive reasoning.
In our fallen mental state (pride of life) we instead, as Eve did in the Garden of Eden, use the "scientific method" to evaluate God's word from our own personal observations, from our own senses (perception), from our own experiences, using the method of inductive reasoning to understand our life, and "justify" our subjective lives and our subjective desires (our "felt" needs, our feelings and thoughts), treating them as a medium for discovering objective "truth."
"Science is only genuine science when it proceeds from sense experience, in the two forms of sense perception and sensuous need, that is, only when it proceeds from Nature." Karl Marx MEGA I/3, p. 123
The world system (new world order) requires man not only to think inductively but also to live inductively, being certain of nothing, accepting all things as in a state of continuous flux, as in a state of continuous change, as in a state of "What if ...?"
"What truly is always true is that all is in flux, the truth-seeker ought properly to address himself to the study of this life process of truth seeking itself." G. W. F. Hegel
"In the eyes of dialectical philosophy,
nothing is established for all times,
nothing is absolute or sacred."
Karl Marx
"Dialectics thereby reduced itself to the science of the general laws of motion — both in the external world and in the thought of man — two sets of laws which are identical in substance." Engels Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy.
"In order to progress from these ‘facts' to facts in the true meaning of the word it is necessary to perceive their historical conditioning as such and to abandon the point of view that would see them as immediately given: they must themselves be subjected to a historical and dialectical examination." György Lukács' book History & Class Consciousness Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? March, 1919
Listen to the short audio of Shirley McCune speaking on the subject of "... using changing facts to teach information processing."
"Oughtiness is itself a fact to be perceived." "Here the fusion comes not so much from an improvement of actuality, the is, but from a scaling down of the [collective] ought, from a redefining of expectations so that they come closer and closer to actuality and therefore to attainability." Abraham Maslow The Farther Reaches of Human Nature.
"Life, at its best, is a flowing, changing process in which nothing is fixed." "The more that the client perceives the therapist as empathic, as having an unconditional regard for him, the more the client will move away from a static, fixed way of functioning, and the more he will move toward a fluid, changing way of functioning." "Consciousness, instead of being the watchman over a dangerous and unpredictable lot of impulses, becomes the comfortable inhabitant of a society of impulses and feelings and thoughts." "Individuals move not from a fixity through change to a new fixity, though such a process is indeed possible. But [through a] continuum from fixity to changingness, from rigid structure to flow, from stasis to process." Carl Rogers On Becoming a Person
"A natural step in the present study, therefore, was to conceive of a continuum extending from extreme conservatism to extreme liberalism and to construct a scale which would place individuals along this continuum." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality
"The good life is not any fixed state. The good life is a process. The direction which constitutes the good life is psychological freedom to move in any direction [where] the general qualities of this selected direction appear to have a certain universality." "When the individual is inwardly free, he chooses as the good life this process of becoming." "The major barrier to mutual interpersonal communication is our very natural tendency to judge, to evaluate, to approve or disapprove, the statement of the other person, or the other group." "the whole emphasis is upon process, not upon end states of being … to value certain qualitative elements of the process of becoming, that we can find a pathway toward the open society." Carl Rogers on becoming a person
"One is always in the process of becoming." Ann Robinson quoting Maslow, Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998.
"The philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways,
the objective however, is to change it." Karl Marx Feuerbach Thesis #11
The objective is not arriving at or knowing objective truth (objectification—the worship of God), the objective is the experience (praxis) of discovering "truth" through change (innovation—questioning and challenging what someone in authority says "can not" be done).
Social engineers, change agents, etc. as Karl Marx, use speculative discourse, found in inductive reasoning, to mock "pre-enlightened" deductive thinkers.
"The Christian religion has been deeply affected by the process of Enlightenment and the conquest of the scientific spirit." "The immediate effect of spiritual factors on the realm of the corporal is an illusion." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality 1950
"…philosophy as struggle with error and superstition is also and always enlightenment." "…The ideas of the Enlightenment taught man that he could trust his own reason as a guide to establishing valid ethical norms and that he could rely on himself, needing neither revelation nor that authority of the church in order to know good and evil." Stephen Eric Bronner Of Critical Theory and Its Theorists
"Enlightened economics must assume as a prerequisite synergic institutions set up in such a way that what benefits one benefits all." "Enlightenment management and humanistic supervision can be a brotherhood situation." "The more enlightened the religious institutions get, that is to say, the more liberal they get, the greater will be the advantage for an enterprise run in an enlightened way." Maslow on Management, Abraham Maslow, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
I share this with the hope that you might see the similarity of such a device applied in American institutions today (education, work, government, church and the "family.") Margaret Spellings – United States Secretary of Education "was asked on C-SPAN to react to census data showing a decline in the traditional family. "So what?" she replied "… there are lots of different types of family" ‘Under the Radar' – Up Till Now by Michael Dobbs Washington Post Staff Writer, Thursday, November 18 2004; Page A37
A note on sex education is worth mentioning here. When subjects of this nature are discussed in an inductively reasoned environment, a liberalizing of a child's mores takes place. Peter Drucker's article below (not of American fame) is an example of the results of such "reasoning."
" ... while institutionalized monogamy would disappear in communist society, long-term emotional and sexual partnerships between men and women would flourish all the more." "Engels' book took over virtually none of Roland Holst's praise of fidelity. Only one thing is certain, he wrote: ‘that an indissoluble marriage between one man and one woman for their entire life times is, of all forms of sexual relationship, the one that corresponds least to our "natural inclination."' He even credited exogamy with making humans ‘the most highly developed animal'. ‘Next to unlimited power and unlimited property, nothing is so calculated to threaten the happiness of the community as unrestricted sexual intercourse', he wrote; but ‘real life teaches us that love, like comradeship, seeks to radiate in many different directions'. ‘Our diversity in character and inclination and in our circumstances is too great to make rules that would apply always to everyone.' In the socialist future monogamy — particularly its ‘permanence imposed by law and public opinion, its dependence on economic and other unworthy considerations' —would ‘completely disappear'. Instead there would be a ‘rich diversity, following from personal nature and inclination.' Instead of marrying, people would ‘recognize that partnerships arise and grow, just as friendship, enmity and all other human feelings do'" [Holst who Luxemburg called 'the blond Madonna'] wrote "‘Fellow feeling ... sometimes rules out truthfulness'," "Luxemburg, for example, though she referred to Jogiches as her husband, never married or apparently even considered marrying any of her partners, though friends seemed to have hoped she would marry her young lover Hans Diefenbach" "German gay rights activist Kurt Hiller, never a Communist himself, felt obliged to say in 1930 that the Communist Party was by far the gay movement's most reliable ally in the Reichstag." "...‘the elimination of the need to hide sexual relations of an unusual character is one of the first preconditions for a healthy sex life and a healthy sexual morality'." Peter Drucker ‘More freedom' or ‘more harmony'? Henriette Roland Holst, Jacques Engels and the influence of class and gender on socialists' sexual attitudes. Paper submitted to the seminar on "Labour organizations and sexuality", Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 5 October 2001 (bold emphasis added. Most quotations are source material Peter Drucker sights.)
This kind of thinking is the basis of the so called Homosexual "marriage," incest "marriage," polygamy, and other activities which I do not want to identify because of their perversity (if these are not perverse enough). See Leviticus chapters 18 and 20. This device is being used to "re-educate" American citizens, turning them into socialist pawns, hyping the globalist religion of general systems theory, systems thinking, synergy, etc. Don't be confused, the issue is not whether one is a "Homophobe,"―fear homosexuals, it is that those who justify such theory and practice, HATE GOD, and any soul who deductively obeys him. And when the perverse have controlling power, they will demonstrate their hate towards God, whom they can not reach, upon those they can, those who fear God and not man. It is not you they hate, when they do evil on you, it is the word of God they hate, the words you speak deductively which reveal their sin and their condemnation.
The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, because I testify of it, that the works thereof are evil. If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated you. If ye were of the world, the world would love his own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you. John 7:7; 15:18-19
Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake. Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers unto the prophets. Luke 6:22-23
Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake. And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another. And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. Matthew 24:9-13
INDUCTIVE REASONING―NEGATING CONDEMNATION
Marx always started with the material world (inductive reasoning), mocking any thought process which did not. He had to do this or he would expose his own condemnation. The reason liberals entrap you in their discursive inductive reasoning is that it eliminates any possible judgment upon them. Its not that their reasoning skills are better than yours, its that you abdicate your foundation, the a priori (deductive reasoning) which would condemn them. When liberals pressure you to "defend" your position―you move from the use of deductive reasoning ("Thus saith the Lord") to the use of inductive reasoning ("My opinion is ...")―they have succeeded in getting you to move into an environment where they will never experience condemnation, (and you will experience confusion―cognitive dissonance).
And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. John 3:19-21
For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. John 3:17-18
INDUCTIVE REASONING―TO REMAIN ESOTERIC
The use of philosophical/cultic/alchemic language has always been the tool used by liberals to communicate with their peers while hiding their agenda from their victims.
"Tillich's elusiveness reflects a calculated effort to remain esoteric. He keeps his deepest meanings hidden from all but a few who are prepared to receive it." "By redefining terms, Tillich cultivates a 'double-speak' designed to convey opposing messages to different groups. He refuses to define terms to which he obviously attaches definite meanings." "One reason Tillich is unwilling to openly disavow religion is that he must be accepted as a theologian in order to formulate and gain acceptance of an imaginative Grand Synthesis of theology and philosophy." Leonard Wheat Paul Tillich's Dialectical Humanism
INDUCTIVE REASONING―EXTRAPOLATION & APPROPRIATE INFORMATION
Marxist say they don't study history. They say they "create" it. By controlling what the media prints, they give you what they want you to talk about, you talk about it in your home, at work, in the marketplace, at church, etc., and thus you create their history.
"Theoretical praxis enters public life through the newspaper and journal of social criticism." "The philosopher becomes a journalist without ceasing to be a philosopher." Joseph O'Malley Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
One of the most devious maneuvers of inductive reasoning is the facilitator's ability to manipulate the environment to flesh out the "appropriate information." By allowing the introduction of all available information (diversity-deviancy) on a particular subject, and then selecting only the information which would promote group cohesion and advance the group project, the facilitator is able to orchestrate the group into his pre-determined outcome, the praxis of inductive reasoning. Rather than any one position being established via deductive reasoning, the outcome is a group approved position (consensus), established by extrapolating from the diverse participants only that information which was pertinent to the group's desired outcome. Therefore all who participated in and agreed on the outcome participated in and approved of the use of inductive reasoning as the means to the end, peace and harmony. And you thought that meeting was all about fixing a bridge, zoning some property, etc. That's what they wanted you to think it was all about, while they were "fixing" you. Fixing means "setting you up to put you in your place."
Over the decades "Think Tanks," have worked out the "appropriate answers" to the "appropriate questions" which guarantee the "appropriate information" being introduced and used in the "group think" meeting, to guarantee the "appropriate method" being used to set policy and make decisions―inductive reasoning, a dialectical paradigm. The item below, Item # 4. Change Agent as Resource Linker, is an example of the effort made to guarantee the introduce of the "appropriate information" needed to perpetuate the process, i.e. to prevent the group from resorting to deductive reasoning in their effort of solving a social problem. ERIC a clearing house for the distribution of "appropriate information" is used for that very reason―supplying socialist approved "appropriate information." All four steps are listed below just to give you an idea of the subtlety and complexity of the process. Source: Federally funded project; The Change Agent's Guide To Innovation In Education Ronald G. Havelock Educational Technology Publications Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 1973 Contract # OEC-0-8-080603-4535(010) Dept. of Ed. and Dept. of H.E.W. We taxpayers paid for this project. When you think about it, we paid for all of this and still continue to pay.
"1. The Change Agent as CATALYST"
"Most of the time, most people do not want change; they want to keep things the way they are, even when outsiders know that change is required. For that reason some change agents are needed just to overcome this inertia, to prod and pressure the system to be less complacent and to start working on its serious problems. By making their dissatisfaction known and by upsetting the ‘status quo' they get things started."
"2. The Change Agent as PROCESS HELPER"
"A critical and often neglected role is that of helper in the process of problem-solving and innovation. Because most clients are not experts on the ‘HOW TO' of change, they can be helped greatly by people who are skilled in the various stages of problem-solving. The process helper can provide valuable assistance."
". . . Showing the client how to . . .
1. recognize and define needs,
2.diagnose problems and set objectives,
3. acquire relevant resources,
4. select or create solutions,
5. adapt and install solutions,
6. evaluate solutions to,
7. determine if they are satisfying his needs."
"3. The Change Agent as SOLUTION GIVER"
"Many people who want to bring about change have definite ideas about what the change should be; they have solutions and they would like to have others adopt those solutions. However, being an effective solution giver involves more than simply having a solution. You have to know when and how to offer it, and you have to know enough about it to help the client adapt it to his needs."
"4. The Change Agent as RESOURCE LINKER"
"Effective problem-solving requires the bringing together of needs and resources. ‘Resources' can be of many kinds: financial backing, knowledge of solutions, knowledge of skills in diagnosing problems, formulating and adopting solutions, and expertise on the process of change itself."
The Holy Family Chapter V "Critical Criticism" As a Mystery-Monger, Or "Critical Criticism" As Herr Szeliga, by Marx and Engels
The Following sections from Marx's work, The Holy Family, give insight into Marx's inductive method of manipulation. Liberal minds simply explode with such exposure, they can not handle the truth which makes their lies stand out. In response, they can only mock, or "glass over" (an act of mocking, body language for "the truth is not important any more, so you are not worth listening to.") or they find a typo or a specific statement to disagree with, or change the subject, or introduce their own example, which, when properly looked at, does not even relate to the subject, etc. They can not open themselves up to an honest exposure of their way of thinking (such is the way of the open minded). That is until they have "total control," then they become ruthless, not only in word (theory), but also in deed (practice—praxis). The outcome has always been patricide, the social act of eradicating the father figure, the patriarchal , in theory (in mind) and in practice (in body). Marx prepared his readers for the act of patricide by showing them first how, according to him, the imagined father figure is "created."
If from real apples, pears, strawberries and almonds I form the general idea "Fruit", if I go further and imagine that my abstract idea "Fruit", derived from real fruit, is an entity existing outside me, is indeed the true essence of the pear, the apple, etc., then in the language of speculative philosophy — I am declaring that "Fruit" is the "Substance" of the pear, the apple, the almond, etc. I am saying, therefore, that to be a pear is not essential to the pear, that to be an apple is not essential to the apple; that what is essential to these things is not their real existence, perceptible to the senses, but the essence that I have abstracted from them and then foisted on them, the essence of my idea — "Fruit". I therefore declare apples, pears, almonds, etc., to be mere forms of existence, modi, of "Fruit" My finite understanding supported by my senses does of course distinguish an apple from a pear and a pear from an almond, but my speculative reason declares these sensuous differences inessential and irrelevant. It sees in the apple the same as in the pear, and in the pear the same as in the almond, namely "Fruit". Particular real fruits are no more than semblances whose true essence is "the substance" — "Fruit". Karl Marx The Holy Family
"No class of civil society can play this role [emancipators of society] unless it arouses in itself and in the masses a moment of enthusiasm, a moment in which it associates, fuses, and identifies itself with society in general, and is felt and recognized to be society's general representative, a moment in which its demands and rights are truly those of society itself, of which it is the social head and heart." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
Substituting real science with "so called Science"
"avoiding ... oppositions of science falsely so called." 1 Timothy 6:20
Marx first "enlightens" us on how inductive reasoning is used to formulate a general definitive word "Fruit." "If from real apples, pears, strawberries and almonds I form the general idea 'Fruit.'" By substituting "apples, pears, strawberries and almonds" for the diversity of mankind and the idea "Fruit" with God (or the State) you can comprehend where he was going with his analogy of Herr Szeliga's work. The assumption is that the idea of God is the result of man's use of inductive reasoning to comprehend himself in nature. Mans use of inductive reasoning either ends up with an uncertain a priori (possible first cause) or, if not proven wrong, remains a theory. For Marx, it must always end up as a "theory," with an established uncertainty, thus justifying the need to unremittingly re-praxis the procedure (re-circle the wagons). The use of a truly scientific method on rocks, plants, animals, etc. either results in the identification of laws of nature (when the theory actually is proven to be a law), or remains speculative. When these methods is applied to man―that which God "breathed the breath of life into the nostrils of"―it will only reveal the fleshy nature of man―that which God formed out of the dust of the ground,―becoming "so called science."
"God is conceived more directly after a parental image and thus as a source of support and as a guiding and sometimes punishing authority." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality
Karl Marx then uses a liberal interpretation of deductive reasoning, where the primary, the a priori (God, the Ideal) i.e. the "abstract idea 'Fruit'" is now accepted as the "'Substance' of the pear, the apple, the almond, etc." When this is done, according to Marx, the "apples, pears, almonds, etc.," now become "mere forms of existence, modi, of 'Fruit'" where "real fruits are no more than semblances whose true essence is 'the substance' — 'Fruit'". Thus man, who seems to be individual man, is only able to find his true identity in the totality of mankind, that is in the ever changing collective experience of speculative discourse i.e. socialism, communism, globalism, etc., purged of deductive reasoning.
"The real nature of man is the totality of social relations." Karl Marx Thesis on Feuerbach # 6
"It is not individualism that fulfills the individual, on the contrary it destroys him. Society is the necessary framework through which freedom and individuality are made realities… only in a socialist society." Karl Marx
"The individual is emancipated in the social group." "Freud commented that only through the solidarity of all the participants could the sense of guilt be assuaged." Norman O. Brown LIFE AGAINST DEATH
"Only within a social context individual man is able to realize his own potential as a rational being." Joseph O'Malley Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
"One of the most fascinating aspects of group therapy is that everyone is born again, born together in the group." "Few individuals, as Asch has shown, can maintain their objectivity [belief in parent or God] in the face of apparent group unanimity; ..." Irvin D. Yalom Theory and Practice and Group Psychotherapy
"The individual accepts the new system of values and beliefs by accepting belongingness to the group." Kurt Lewin in Kenneth Benne Human Relations in Curriculum Change
"Small groups are the most effective way of closing the back door of your church." Rick Warren
For anyone familiar with the story of Gnosticism it should be clear that Marx is defining religious thought as following this same pattern, that God is discovering himself as man discovers himself, a condition of reciprocal reflection. With the substitution of "theory" in place of "a priori," inductive reasoning in place of God, Marx's plan is to help individual man discover his true essence, which can only be found in the collective human experience (praxis) of inductive reasoning. Man must first recognize and then serve the "true and living god," common cause, a Gnostic god who we unite with through our common human "felt" needs (materialism), instead of serving a God of restraint, of law―demiurge. According to Marx, a god which man had created, through the use of inductively reasoning, by his imagination, has ended up ruling over mankind because of mans habitual use of deductive reasoning. He must learn to demythologize his Gnostic god, turn Hegel on his head, by replacing deductive reasoning with inductive reasoning, and serve the secular collective process of dialectical thinking, the "god" of communism, socialism, globalism, etc.
Thus when mother earth, Sophia, or Gaia is replaced with social common cause ("Because we the village say so.") and the children, the divine sparks, are replaced with personal inclinations common to the collective experience, then collective flesh can find social harmony―group hug, not only in theory but also in practice-praxis (incest). This is only possible when both mother and child have united in the praxis (act) of patricide, the eradication of the patriarch―the removal of the traditional family based system of didactic, deductive reasoning, the removal of the the creator and sustainer of the system of guilt.
The new guilt complex appears to be historically connected with the rise of patriarchal religion (for the Western development the Hebrews are decisive)." "The guilty conscience is formed in childhood by the incorporation of the parents and the wish to be father of oneself." "We must return to Freud and say that incest guilt created the familial organization." Norman O. Brown LIFE AGAINST DEATH
According to inductive reasoning, guilt is the consequence of the child learning to reason deductively. This prevents the child from identifying with his true nature, his universal nature. Deductive reasoning must be overcome if he is to be emancipated, if he is to be free to think and live inductively, to be his "true person."
"The most effective method for weakening the child's will is to arouse his sense of guilt." "The most important symptom of the defeat in the fight for oneself is the guilty conscience." Erick Fromm Escape from Freedom
The consequence of using inductive reasoning is clearly explained by Gods Word.
For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous. Romans 5:19
"Freud did not abandon the illusion that Adam really fell. We on the other hand we cling to the position that Adam never really fell." Brown, Norman O. LIFE AGAINST DEATH. Middletown Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959 p. 270
Marx "demythologizes" deductive reasoning, replacing a-priori with "theory" (substitutes the act of obedience with the act of questioning―"Question authority," "Question everything") and then he mocks anyone who properly applies deductive reasoning. Bismarck stated that he did not clearly understand Hegel and his dialectical process but he knew how to use it, Ridicule! Ridicule! Ridicule!
According to the liberal mind, deductive reasoning must be redefined in favor of a socialist outcome (as just another opinion, as a theory) or it is faulty rationalization. Deductive reasoning must be redefined so its use will always initiate and sustain inductive reasoning. Thereafter the inductive-deductive cycle must be used in determining all "healthy" human praxis. If a prior is not replaced with theory, deductive reasoning becomes the source of reification (laws external to mans changing needs and interests). "Reification is based on rationalization." Bronner Of Critical Theory In this case rationalization is used to define things in a rigid, established a priori way, in ways which limit natural human behavior and interfere with natural human relationship. Marx disparaged the young Hegelians for this very reason.
"However, Criticism falls into an inconsistency by thus having its opinion of itself represented as the opinion of the world and by its concept being converted into reality." Karl Marx The Holy Family Chapter VII Critical Criticism's Correspondence 1) The Critical Mass
"Criticism is now simply a means. Indignation is its essential pathos, denunciation its principle task. Criticism is criticism in hand-to-hand combat. Criticism proceeds on to praxis." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
When an a priori law is set, then the lawbreaker, who may be simply following his natural inclinations, seen now as a deviant, must be chastised. For dialectic thinkers, the condition which justifies chastening―the condition which God requires―must be washed from the minds of mankind if the true nature of mankind, deviancy, is to be actualized. Those who praxis deductive reasoning, in other words, must not just be resented, they must be removed, mentally and socially.
Interestingly, a Christian who happens to be in a dialectical, inductive reasoning environment, who refuses to participate in the process, is now considered the deviant.
"It is important that the therapist attempt to screen out patients who will become marked deviants, deviants because of their interpersonal behavior in the group sessions and not because of a deviant life style or past history." "There is no type of past behavior too deviant for a group to accept once therapeutic group norms are established." "the deviant … correlates very highly with negative outcome: a member deemed by the others … to be ‘out' of the group has virtually no chance of benefiting from the group and a strong chance of suffering harm." "The successful leader … reinforces each member's activity … escort the deviant back into the group, and he discourages the development of scapegoating and judgmentalism." "One of the most difficult patients for me to work with in groups is the individual who employs fundamentalist religious views in the service of denial." "Communication toward a deviant is very great initially and then drops off sharply as the group rejects the deviant. Eventually, the group will extrude the deviant. They may smile at one another when he speaks or behaves irrelevantly; they will mascot him, they will ignore him rather than invest the necessary time to understand his interventions." Irvin Yalom Theory and Practice and Group Psychotherapy
A Deductive Categorical Imperative:
"if ye be without chastisement ... then are ye bastards." Word of God
"If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons. Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live? Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby." Hebrew 12:7-11
An Inductive Categorical Imperative:
"The correct thing to do with authoritarians is to take them realistically for the bastards they are and then behave toward them as if they were bastards." Abraham Maslow
For those who think dialectically, the proper use of deductive reasoning must be overcome. A facilitator must be trained on how to perform a tracheotomy on those who obstruct a consensus building meeting.
"Laws must not fetter human life; but yield to it; they must change as the needs and capacities of the people change." "The critique of religion ends with the categorical imperative to overthrow all conditions in which man is a debased, enslaved, neglected, contemptible being." "Criticism proceeds on to praxis." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right ed. Joseph O'Malley
According to those who promote this New World Order based on inductive reasoning, it is not enough to hate the voice of authority, a voice which labels mans nature as immoral, perverse, etc., it is also necessary to actively remove it.
"Every neurosis is an example of dynamic adaptation; it is essentially an adaptation to such external conditions as are in themselves irrational and, generally speaking, unfavorable to the growth of the child." ". . . Definition of religious experience as experience of absolute dependence is the definition of the masochistic experience in general." Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom
"Protestantism was the strongest force in the extension of cold rational individualism." Horkheimer Vernunft and Selbsterhaltung, p. 33
"We are proud that in his conduct of life man has become free from external authorities, which tell him what to do and what not to do." Erick Fromm Escape from Freedom
"I have found whenever I ran across authoritarian students that the best thing for me to do was to break their backs immediately. The correct thing to do with authoritarians is to take them realistically for the bastards they are and then behave toward them as if they were bastards." "In a democratic society a patriarchal culture should make us depressed instead of glad; it is an argument against the higher possibilities of human nature, of self actualization." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management 1998
Change requires process and process guarantees change―theory is treated as "fact" and fact is treated as "theory"
The only way man can be emancipated from a patriarchal, deductive reasoning system, according to Marx, is to change the condition of status quo to a condition of change. "The abolition of religion, as the illusory happiness of men, is a demand for their real happiness. The call to abandon their illusions about their condition is a call to abandon a condition which requires illusions." Karl Marx MEGA I/1/1 The use of deductive reasoning to guide the individual and society is, according to Marx, illusory, since it obstructs change. The promotion of the condition for change, as expressed by Marx, continues today.
"Acceptance of religion mainly as an expression of submission to a clear pattern of parental authority is a condition favorable to ethnocentrism." "... ethnocentrism takes the form of pseudopatriotism; ‘we' are the best people and the best country in the world, and we should either keep out of world affairs altogether (isolationism) or we should participate ‑‑ but without losing our full sovereignty, power, and economic advantage (imperialism). And in either case we should have the biggest army and navy in the world, and atom bomb monopoly." "Confronted with the rigidity of the adult ethnocentrist, one turns naturally to the question of whether the prospects for healthy personality structure would not be greater if the proper influences were brought to bear earlier in the individuals life, . . .""For ethnocentric parents, acting by themselves, the prescribed measures would probably be impossible." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality 1950
"By ‘dialectical' I mean an activity of consciousness struggling to circumvent the limitations imposed by the formal-logical law of contradiction." "Formal logic and the law of contradiction are the rules whereby the mind submits to operate under general conditions of repression." "Adult sexuality, restricted by rules, to maintain family and society, is a clear instance of repression; and therefore leads to neurosis." "The repression of normal adult sexuality is required only by cultures which are based on patriarchal domination." "Human consciousness can be liberated from the parental (Oedipal) complex only be being liberated from its cultural derivatives, the paternalistic state and the patriarchal God." "The abolition of repression would only threaten patriarchal domination." "Freud, Hegel, and Nietzsche are, like Marx, compelled to postulate external domination and its assertion by force in order to explain repression." Brown, Norman O. LIFE AGAINST DEATH. Middletown Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959
"Dr. Skinner says: ‘We must accept the fact that some kind of control of human affairs is inevitable. We cannot use good sense in human affairs unless someone engages in the design and construction of environmental conditions which affect the behavior of men." Carl Rogers On becoming a person
"In client-centered therapy, … we institute certain attitudinal conditions, and the client has relatively little voice in the establishment of these conditions." Carl Rogers On becoming a person
"The eclipse of a way thinking cannot take place without a crisis." Antonio Gramsci
"What The Authoritarian Personality was really studying was the character type of a totalitarian rather than an authoritarian society ─ fostered by a familial crisis in which traditional parental authority was under fire." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality
"A new emphasis on civic participation and social interaction alone seemed capable of confronting the crisis. And, that is precisely what Fromm provided in his notion of ‘communitarian socialism.'" Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
The facilitator's agenda is to lay a trap for religious thinkers, to convince them that God is simply the product of man's imagination, the product of man's attempt to define the perfect man (the a priori) in his effort to experience the good life. Once defined, the perfect man is perceived as God. Thereafter man's behavior is to be measured by this perfect man-god, first experienced in the family environment, and his behavior rewarded or punished according to the set laws.
"The conception of the ideal family situation for the child: uncritical obedience to the father and elders, pressures directed unilaterally from above to below, inhibition of spontaneity and emphasis on conformity to externally imposed values." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality
Deductive reasoning, according to Marx, is the opiate of mankind. Its method isolated-alienated man from society, preventing him from realizing his true identity. The Frankfurt School used the phrase "Alienated society" in the US instead of using "Capitalist society" which they used in their works written while in German and read in Europe, the Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung.
"Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people." Karl Marx Selected writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy, translated by T. B. Bottomore
Marx saw the traditional family as the source of deductive reasoning, the source of a guilty conscience, and knew that the "ultimate solution" in the quest for world peace was the termination of the traditional family. As an opiate impedes a persons consciousness of his surroundings, the religious makeup of the home obstructs the next generation from social experiences. While the conscience may be noted as a deterrent of deviancy, its promotion interferes with the social engineer's hope of social harmony, i.e. total world domination. Notice the sly technique of inductive reasoning Dr. Trojanowicz's uses to justify his "unfortunate-external control" solution. Dr. Trojanowicz was responsible for helping develop the COPS program, i.e. Bill Clintons 100,000 police.
"Social control is most effective at the individual level. The personal conscience is the key element in ensuring self-control, refraining from deviant behavior even when it can be easily perpetrated. The family, the next most important unit affecting social control, is obviously instrumental in the initial formation of the conscience and in the continued reinforcement of the values that encourage law abiding behavior. Unfortunately, because of the reduction of influence exerted by neighbors, the extended family and even the family, social control is now often more dependent on external control, than on internal self-control." Dr. Robert Trojanowicz Community Policing The meaning of "Community" in Community Policing
"Once the earthly family is discovered to be the secret of the heavenly family,
the former must itself be destroyed in theory and in practice." Karl Marx Feuerbach Thesis # 4
Norman O. Brown in is book, Life against Death, pointed out that Freud (Schlomo) had the same liberal interpretation of deductive reasoning. "Freud speaks of religion as a ‘substitute-gratification' – the Freudian analogue to the Marxian formula, ‘opiate of the people.'" If I got a class of students to praxis inductive reasoning on social issues, (inductive reasoning misapplied) I would be able to turn most, if not all, of them into mockers of fundamental Christians. The next generation would not be able to relate to those who think deductively, because, in their praxis, true deductive reasoning is irrational, it can not relate to the current situation and could not even hope to be a help in resolve current social problems. Those who think deductively in a "rapidly changing world" are considered "out of touch with the times." Marx put it this way.
Having reduced the different real fruits to the one "fruit" of abstraction — "the Fruit", speculation must, in order to attain some semblance of real content, try somehow to find its way back from "the Fruit", from the Substance to the diverse, ordinary real fruits, the pear, the apple, the almond, etc. It is as hard to produce real fruits from the abstract idea "the Fruit" as it is easy to produce this abstract idea from real fruits. Indeed, it is impossible to arrive at the opposite of an abstraction without relinquishing the abstraction. Marx The Holy Family
The Negation of God―The Negation of Negation
In Marx's materialistic mind, he could only see God as an "abstraction" (Substance) and mankind as the "real" (diverse) Because of this "logic," if you want to call it that, he can only recognize God, "the Fruit," and man, "the pear, the apple, etc." as negating. According to Marx, while God can be abstracted by man, man can not be abstracted from God, man is real, God is not. He believed that when man tries to praxis deductive reasoning, force himself to obey the laws of the god he has created, he declares war on his very own human nature. "The more of himself man attributes to God, the less he has left in himself." "The only practically possible emancipation is the unique theory which holds that man is the supreme being for man." Karl Marx He believed you could only have the abstraction, the Fruit (God), or the real, "the apples, etc." (mankind) at one time.
The rule of speculative philosophy is that you must suspend the substance, God and his limiting law, if you are to discover the real, mankind. "Laws must not fetter human life; but yield to it; ...." In this arrangement, to secularize the "mystical," he first defines the Substance, the "Fruit" as Unity, the Absolute Substance, the supernatural creation of the mind, the "organically linked series of members" and then the real, the apples, etc. as semblance of diversity.
"Philosophy is not outside the world; it simply has a different kind of presence in the world. The world is its ground; it is the spiritual quintessence of its age. The world is the object of its enquiry and concern; it is the wisdom of the world." Joseph O'Malley translator of Karl Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
With Marx the only possibility of diversity and Unity coming together is through individual man realizing his common essence by way of the inner process of speculative philosophy, that is, in the language of "theory," the language of "seem to be," in the language of "I think." Diversity and unity can not be realized in the language of the patriarchal ("I know."―"Because"), the restraining language of negation, "Thou Shalt Not!," found in the language of a priori. The starting point, if one were interested in rescuing the deductive reasoning person from his deductive reasoning language, is to get him to put an "I think" before his "I know," i.e. "I think I know." This instantly moves him from deductive reasoning into inductive reasoning, the voice of the a priori is gone. God is no longer the object, the cause of justification, man is.
Thus speculative philosophy (rational, reasonable discourse) was the key to emancipation of the human soul. "The only emancipation of German is the emancipation of man. The head of this emancipation is philosophy, its heart is the proletariat [the disenfranchised-adolescent]." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right' emphasis added.
"Philosophy is a free and not self-seeking activity, … This activity contains the essential element of a negation, because to produce is also to destroy; … as Mind passes on from its natural form, it also proceeds from its exact code of morals and the robustness of life to reflection and conception. The result of this is that it lays hold of and troubles this real, substantial kind of existence, this morality and faith, and thus the period of destruction commences." Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy Introduction B. Relation of Philosophy to Other Departments of Knowledge.
The liberation of speculative philosophy―delivering man from the object―liberating man, by making him the object (relentlessly evaluating the environment, through human feelings and thoughts, to determine what is good and what is evil).
But, for Marx, speculative philosophy becomes a trap when it "creates its own object, an a priori," and man becomes "dependence on the object," and thus comes under "bondage to the object (metaphysics)."
"The life which he has given to the object sets itself against him as an alien and hostile force." Karl Marx MEGA I/3, pp. 83-84
"Every form of objectification ... results in alienation. Transcending alienation involves transcending objectification.;" Bronner Of Critical Theory
"In direct contrast to German philosophy, which descends from heaven to earth, here we ascend from earth to heaven." Karl Marx MEGA I/5, p. 16
Man's focus, according to Marx, must shift from looking upward (contrast, God-man, good-evil, etc.) objectively, to looking earthward (similar, man-mankind) subjectively. The reversal of the Christian paradigm to "Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth." Colossians 3:2
By making both the individual and the collective the object (discussing their feelings and thoughts about objects of restraint in the environment), the object (transcendence which negates—restrains—the fleshly nature of man) is negated. As recognized before, this snare really begins when Christians make themselves the Subject and the Object (examining everything under the microscope of human reasoning). (Listen to Phil Worts audios on Subject-Object Dichotomy). By making mans needs and his desires the object, both individually and collectively (their feelings and thoughts becoming the focus of attention) they make God, the a priori, the object to be overcome. Biblically, the creator is the object, what he says is paramount, and the created is subject to his commands, the clay in the potters hands. Tamper with this order and you slide down the slippery slope of the dialectical process into the abyss.
"But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death." James 1:14, 15
"Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ." Colossians 2:8
It is only through the process of speculation, according to Marx, that the moment of diversity and Unity (man's desires and societies needs) can be realized, but this can only be possible when diversity and Unity become the Object by "transcending objectification" [making anything external to the common human experience no longer an object worthy of attention]. That is the secret to the understanding of Marx turning Hegel "upside down." It is only in this condition that "Unity in diversity" can be found— the "transcending" of "objectification," overcoming the concern about what parents or God command.
"Freedom becomes anchored in the subject. Nevertheless, what this means remains open to question. Freedom is now content to contest power and thus forgets that power is necessary to constrain its arbitrary exercise. The ethical and practical function of freedom is lost. Indeed, since subjective freedom is a social phenomenon, maintaining sanity depends upon the ability of the individual to fill a social role and affirm his or her fullest potential." Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
Replacing a priori with theory
By defining deductive reasoning (certainty) as dependent upon inductive reasoning (uncertainty), Marx uses trickery to replace a prior with theory, replacing certainty (law) with uncertainty (theory-speculation). In essence he assassinated deductive reasoning. In the following comments in The Holy Family he reveals this line of attack. But in this case if you replace God (rigid) with Society (changing), as "the Fruit", then the individual, "the Fruit" is simply a part of the whole "the Fruit." The very act (praxis) of the individual "the Fruit" (diversity) using speculative philosophy to realize the viewpoint of the "the Fruit" (Unity), he becomes conscious of his "allness, as 'totality' of fruits" (social consciousness). As Marx put it, "as the 'summary' of all fruits, it is at the same time the living unity which contains all those fruits dissolved in itself just as it produces them from within itself, just as, for instance, all the limbs of the body are constantly dissolved in and constantly produced out of the blood."
"The whole is different than the sum of its parts." Turning bricks into sidewalks.
Role-playing, developed by the Marxist, J. L. Moreno, is simply the exercise of bringing individuals into a state of awareness of the totality of the social order they are a part of (gestalt). Such exercises produce a socio-psychological condition in which the individual develops "group think."1 Truth, for Marx, does not lie within or above the individual man, but is realized in the collective experience. Truth is always found in the social moment. Like living wills it is always subject to the changing opinions of the time, how society perceives and experiences it at a moment in time.
"Man is free from all ties binding him to spiritual authorities, but this very freedom leaves him alone and anxious, overwhelms him with a feeling of his own individual insignificance and powerlessness." Erick Fromm Escape from Freedom
"Truth is a moment in correct praxis." Antonio Gramsci
"According to the philosopher Hegel, truth is not found in the thesis, nor the antithesis, but in the emerging synthesis which reconciles the two." Martin Luther King Jr. Strength to Love.
"I have thought enough about myth and history, fact and fiction, to know truth cannot be told. There is always another way to tell the story." Norman O. Brown
"But, as has been pointed out before, we recognize the point of view that truth and knowledge are only relative and that there are no hard and fast truths which exist for all time and places." Benjamin Bloom Taxonomy of Educational Objective Book 1: Cognitive Domain, 1956 p. 32 "In the eyes of the dialectical philosophy, nothing is established for all time, nothing is absolute or sacred." Karl Marx
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Book I: Cognitive Domain and Book II: Affective Domain are THE BOOKS for teacher certification in America and around the world. They are result of the work done by the Frankfurt School, Kurt Lewin, J. L. Moreno (all Marxists). John Dewey's Student, Kenneth Benne, Ralph Tyler, etc. Kenneth Benne edited Human Relations In Curriculum Change, a Marxist training manual from the previously mentioned men. Bloom simply redesigned Benne's book for use in teacher training. Bloom simply paraphrased Marx's statement on the dialectic philosophy.
Deductive definition of Sin
The Cause of Alienation―Sin.
"Behold, the LORD'S hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear." Isaiah 59:1, 2 (also see Isaiah 1:1-31)
How to Overcome Alienation―Repent.
"Sin estranges man from God and God from man."
Inductive definition of "Sin"
The Cause of Alienation―God.
"God's work is a source of corruptions in individuals." John Dewey Democracy and Education 1919
"It is not the will or desire of any one person which establish order but the moving spirit of the whole group. Control is social." John Dewey Experience and Education 1931
"Alienation is the experience of ‘estrangement' (Verfremdung) from others, . . ." "Alienation has a long history. Its most radical sense already appears in the biblical expulsion from Eden." "Alienation, according to Feuerbach, derives from the externalization (Entausserung) of human powers and possibilities upon a non-existent entity: God. . ." "God is thus the anthropological source of alienation . . ." "Alienation will continue so long as the subject engages in an externalization (Entausserung) of his or her subjectivity." Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
How to Overcoming Alienation―Self-Actualize.
"Sin is the estrangement of man from man." Paul Tillich
And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk: Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts. Revelation 9:20-21
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. 2 Peter 3:9
Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord; Acts 3:19
For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. And a man's foes shall be they of his own household. He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me. Matthew 10:35-38
"collective contemplative action" - revolution is a "coming out" party
According to Marx―and contemporary thought―apart from collective contemplative action, man is alienated, the affect of capitalism, and can never know "truth." Established truth (deductive reasoning) only alienates mankind. And thus, any condition which produce alienation must be destroyed.
"The immediate task is to unmask human alienation in its secular form, now that it has been unmasked in the sacred form." Karl Marx Selected writing in Sociology and Social Philosophy trans. by T. B. Bottormore.
"Personal relations between men have this character of alienation. Hegel and Marx have laid the foundations for the understanding of the problem of alienation." Erick Fromm Escape from Freedom
Social engineers believe that to overcome alienation the individual must find identity with the collective mind, through collective experience united with collective reasoning. Man, freed from the God above, isolated and alone, rediscovers god, this time as the moving, living, mass of mankind. Man rediscovers his purpose, this time not determined by a God above him (a calling), but within mankind itself (a discovering).
"Salvation is a byproduct of Self-Actualization Duty." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management 1998
Marx explained why the young Hegelians would fail. They did not understand collective contemplative action―Revolution. The objective is to turn each god-man into a collective god-mankind, a secular Gnostic god. Notice in the following quotations by Karl Marx the mention of diversity and unity, where diversity is sensuous (perceptual-"Eve saw"), unity is speculative (philosophical, evaluative," good for...1. food, 2. esthetics, 3. wisdom;" body, soul, and mind). Consensus, diversity in unity, is thus collectively sensualized speculation (praxis).
The speculative philosopher therefore relinquishes the abstraction "the Fruit", but in a speculative, mystical fashion — with the appearance of not relinquishing it. Thus it is really only in appearance that he rises above his abstraction. He argues somewhat as follows:
If apples, pears, almonds and strawberries are really nothing but "the Substance", "the Fruit", the question arises: Why does "the Fruit" manifest itself to me sometimes as an apple, sometimes as a pear, sometimes as an almond? Why this semblance of diversity which so obviously contradicts my speculative conception of Unity, "the Substance", "the Fruit"?
This, answers the speculative philosopher, is because "the Fruit" is not dead, undifferentiated, motionless, but a living, self-differentiating, moving essence. The diversity of the ordinary fruits is significant not only for my sensuous understanding, but also for "the Fruit" itself and for speculative reason. The different ordinary fruits are different manifestations of the life of the "one Fruit"; they are crystallisations of "the Fruit" itself. Thus in the apple "the Fruit" gives itself an apple-like existence, in the pear a pear-like existence. We must therefore no longer say, as one might from the standpoint of the Substance: a pear is "the Fruit", an apple is "the Fruit", an almond is "the Fruit", but rather "the Fruit" presents itself as a pear, "the Fruit" presents itself as an apple, "the Fruit" presents itself as an almond; and the differences which distinguish apples, pears and almonds from one another are the self-differentiations of "the Fruit" and, make the particular fruits different members of the life-process of "the Fruit". Thus "the Fruit" is no longer an empty undifferentiated unity; it is oneness as allness, as "totality" of fruits, which constitute an "organically linked series of members". In every member of that series "the Fruit" gives itself a more developed, more explicit existence, until finally, as the "summary" of all fruits, it is at the same time the living unity which contains all those fruits dissolved in itself just as it produces them from within itself, just as, for instance, all the limbs of the body are constantly dissolved in and constantly produced out of the blood.
We see that if the Christian religion knows only one Incarnation of God, speculative philosophy has as many incarnations as there are things, just as it has here in every fruit an incarnation of the Substance, of the Absolute Fruit. The main interest for the speculative philosopher is therefore to produce the existence of the real ordinary fruits and to say in some mysterious way that there are apples, pears, almonds and raisins. But the apples, pears, almonds and raisins that we rediscover in the speculative world are nothing but semblances of apples, semblances of pears, semblances of almonds and semblances of raisins, for they are moments in the life of "the Fruit", this abstract creation of the mind, and therefore themselves abstract creations of the mind. Hence what is delightful in this speculation is to rediscover all the real fruits there, but as fruits which have a higher mystical significance, which have grown out of the ether of your brain and not out of the material earth, which are incarnations of "the Fruit", of the Absolute Subject. When you return from the abstraction, the supernatural creation of the mind, "the Fruit", to real natural fruits, you give on the contrary the natural fruits a supernatural significance and transform them into sheer abstractions. Your main interest is then to point out the unity of "the Fruit" in all the manifestations of its life — the apple, the pear, the almond — that is, to show the mystical interconnection between these fruits, how in each one of them "the Fruit" realises itself by degrees and necessarily progresses, for instance, from its existence as a raisin to its existence as an almond. Hence the value of the ordinary fruits no longer consists in their natural qualities, but in their speculative quality, which gives each of them a definite place in the life-process of "the Absolute Fruit"
The ordinary man does not think he is saying anything extraordinary when he states that there are apples and pears. But when the philosopher expresses their existence in the speculative way he says something extraordinary. He performs a miracle by producing the real natural objects, the apple, the pear, etc., out of the unreal creation of the mind "the Fruit", i.e., by creating those fruits out of his own abstract reason, which he considers as an Absolute Subject outside himself, represented here as "the Fruit". And in regard to every object the existence of which he expresses, he accomplishes an act of creation.
It goes without saying that the speculative philosopher accomplishes this continuous creation only by presenting universally known qualities of the apple, the pear, etc., which exist in reality, as determining features invented by him, by giving the names of the real things to what abstract reason alone can create, to abstract formulas of reason, finally, by declaring his own activity, by which he passes from the idea of an apple to the idea of a pear, to be the self-activity of the Absolute Subject, "the Fruit"
In the speculative way of speaking, this operation is called comprehending Substance as Subject, as an inner process, as an Absolute Person, and this comprehension constitutes the essential character of Hegel's method.
These preliminary remarks were necessary to make Herr Szeliga intelligible. Only now, after dissolving real relations, e.g., law and civilisation, in the category of mystery and thereby making "Mystery"(das Geheimnis) into Substance, does he rise to the true speculative, Hegelian height and transforms "Mystery" into a self-existing Subject incarnating itself in real situations and persons so that the manifestations of its life are countesses, marquises, grisettes, porters, notaries, charlatans, and love intrigues, balls, wooden doors, etc. Having produced the category "Mystery" out of the real world, he produces the real world out of this category.
The mysteries of speculative construction in Herr Szeliga's presentation will be all the more visibly disclosed as he has an indisputable double advantage over Hegel. On the one hand, Hegel with masterly sophistry is able to present as a process of the imagined creation of the mind itself, of the Absolute Subject, the process by which the philosopher through sensory perception and imagination passes from one subject to another. On the other hand, however, Hegel very often gives a real presentation, embracing the thing itself, within the speculative presentation. This real development within the speculative development misleads the reader into considering the speculative development as real and the real as speculative.
With Herr Szeliga both these difficulties vanish. His dialectics have no hypocrisy or dissimulation. He performs his tricks with the most laudable honesty and the most ingenuous straightforwardness. But then he nowhere develops any real content, so that his speculative construction is free from all disturbing accessories, from all ambiguous disguises, and appeals to the eye in its naked beauty. In Herr Szeliga we also see a brilliant illustration of how speculation on the one hand apparently freely creates its object a priori out of itself and, on the other hand, precisely because it wishes to get rid by sophistry of the rational and natural dependence on the object, falls into the most irrational and unnatural bondage to the object, whose most accidental and most individual attributes it is obliged to construe as absolutely necessary and general. Marx The Holy Family
The last comment is key to understanding why Marx found error in the young Hegelians. They did create the object out of itself, but fell back into bondage to the object of their creation. They then mislead others into perceiving "the speculative development as real and the real as speculative." "Having produced the category 'Mystery' out of the real world, he produces the real world out of this category." In other words they may have defined god as from mankind through the use of inductive reasoning, but then reverted back to the use of deductive reasoning, making man dependent again upon the god of their making. Freedom, for Marx, is not what comes out the process, it is the process coming out―the philosophy of praxis. One might say revolution is a "coming out" party. Self can only be actualized in a social praxis.
"It is not individualism that fulfills the individual, ... Society is the necessary framework ...." Karl Marx "... once you can identify a community, you have discovered the primary unity of society above the individual and the family that can be mobilized ... to bring about positive social change." Robert Trojanowicz
According to the dialectical paradigm the unite above the patriarchal family is the collective voice of the rebellious children from which all social change can be made. "By ‘dialectical' I mean an activity of consciousness struggling to circumvent the limitations imposed by the formal-logical law of contradiction." Martin Jay The Dialectical Imagination.
The following is an example of Marxian dialectical praxis from a web site explaining the brain www.thebrain.mcgill.ca.
SOCIAL GROUPS www.thebrain.mcgill.ca
source: www.thebrain.mcgill.ca |
For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's. For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living. But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. Romans 14:7-12
"The dialectical method was overthrown―the parts were prevented from finding their definition within the whole."
And God said, LET US make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. Genesis 1:26
And they said one to another, Go to, LET US make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. And they said, Go to, LET US build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and LET US make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. Genesis 11:3, 4
And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Genesis 11:6
Go to, LET US go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. Genesis 11:7-9
According to Marx, the problem with the young Hegelians is that after an evaluation of the diverse, they arrive at an object, a sum of the parts, a premise, which then becomes an oppressor of the parts.
"Thus when ‘science' maintains that the manner in which data immediately present themselves is an adequate foundation of scientific conceptualisation and that the actual form of these data is the appropriate starting-point for the formation of scientific concepts, it thereby takes its stand simply and dogmatically on the basis of capitalist society. It uncritically accepts the nature of the object as it is given and the laws of that society as the unalterable foundation of ‘science'." "The dialectical method was overthrown and with it the methodological supremacy of the totality over the individual aspects; the parts were prevented from finding their definition within the whole and, instead, the whole was dismissed as unscientific or else it degenerated into the mere ‘idea' or ‘sum' of the parts. With the totality out of the way, the fetishistic relations of the isolated parts appeared as a timeless law valid for every human society." György Lukács History & Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? 1919
For Marx, the young Hegelians error was in not "turning Hegel on his head." By turning their attention to serving the object of their creation instead of turning toward a collective praxis (externalization) of the "inner process" of "sensory perception and imagination"―Revolution, they never escaped deductive reasoning, and would never be able to unite the proletariat in the act of removing the bourgeoisie (patricide). Unless this was accomplished they would never be able to unite the children on the praxis of the negation of the voice of the parent. Remember the blade of the guillotine was aimed at the voice box―the patriarchal voice box. The child (proletariat) may hate the parent (bourgeoisie) in theory, but to get them to exterminate the parent in praxis, the mind of the child had to be first liberated from the mind of the parent (deductive reasoning). Once the paradigm was changed in the child, their thought process was only inductive, they would have less difficulty in the elimination of the parent. The "parent" would then be seen as an obstacle; an "adversary," to their true identity, an enemy against "the soul of the people," a barrier to individual and social peace.
Every class lacks the breadth of soul which identifies it with the soul of the people, that revolutionary boldness which flings at its adversary the defiant phrase; ‘I am nothing and I should be everything.'" Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
"Theory becomes a material force when it grips the masses" "Marx clearly defined the conditions in which a relation between theory and practice becomes possible." "It is not enough that thought should seek to realize itself; reality must also strive towards thought." Introduction to Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
"Marx reproached Hegel (and, in even stronger terms, Hegel's successors who had reverted to Kant and Fichte) with his failure to overcome the duality of thought and being, of theory and practice, of subject and object." György Lukács History & Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? 1919
"The goal of revolutionary activity was understood as the unifying of theory and praxis." [putting theory into practice] Martin Jay The Dialectical Imagination
"Only when the immediate interests are integrated into a total view and related to the final goal of the process do they become revolutionary," György Lukács History & Class Consciousness Class Consciousness March, 1920
"Revolutionary violence reconciles the disunited parties by abolishing the alienation of class antagonism that set in with the repression of initial morality. … the revolution that must occur is the reaction of suppressed life, which will visit the causality of fate upon the rulers. It is those who establish such domination and defend positions of power of this sort who set in motion the causality of fate, divide society into social classes, suppress justified interests, call forth the reactions of suppressed life, and finally experience their just fate in revolution. " Jürgen Habermas Knowledge & Human Interest, 1968, publ. Polity Press, 1987. Chapter Three: The Idea of the Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory
"... theory becomes a material force when it grips the masses." Karl Marx Introduction to Karl Marx's Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
When the patriarchal voice, "because I said so!" is negated, by finding agreement (consensus through discourse) with all parties, then "negation of negation" (synthesis) has been accomplished, and the dialectic (inductive reasoning) has been praxised, and the condition for both alienation and reification has been terminated, and "world peace" has been advanced. From then on all praxis must be done this way. Those who are not "converted," i.e. continue to hold to a didactic-deductive-patriarchal paradigm, must be neutralized, marginalized, and/or removed. "
The more the group members become converted to democracy the more can the power of the democratic leader shift to other ends than converting the group members." Kenneth Benne Human Relations In Curriculum Change 1950
Traditional Marxists skipped the neutralizing and marginalizing steps and just removed the patriarch. On the other hand transformational Marxists, for the sake of the infrastructure, will use all three steps if necessary. Both end up removing the patriarch. "Freud noted that … patricide and incest … are part of man's deepest nature." Irvin D. Yalom Theory and Practice and Group Psychotherapy. Patricide is the act of getting rid of the dissenting voice and incest is the praxis of consensus, the adolescent orgy (wicked and stubborn) with no parental restraints. God can speak to a wicked heart but he can not speak into a wicked and stubborn heart (Abomination). He judges it.
Utilizing Education for the Paradigm "Shift"
"The shift in perspective from God to human beings."
Jürgen Habermas
Marx understood the importance of education as a tool in replacing deductive reasoning with inductive reasoning―with the use of "the scientific method." Social engineers know that when the Christian simply participates in the "scientific method" to resolve problems he will be changed.
"With the devaluation of the epistemic authority of the God's eye view, moral commands lose their religious as well as their metaphysical foundation." Jürgen Habermas Communicative Ethics The inclusion of the Other. Studies in Political Theory. 1998
When communication changes from a didactic either/or to a dialectical is/ought, from right-wrong to "needs satisfaction," ("How do you feel?" "How did you feel when ....?" "What do you think?" "What did you think when ...?"), change in the person takes place. Jürgen Habermas explained the importance of reflexive thinking, as it brings into being the "the shift in perspective from God to human beings."
"With the loss of its foundation in the religious promise of salvation, the meaning of normative obligation also changes. The differentiation between strict duties and less binding values, between what is morally right and what is ethically worth striving for, already sharpens moral validity into a normativity to which impartial judgment alone is adequate. The shift in perspective from God to human beings has a further consequence. 'Validity' now signifies that moral norms could win the agreement of all concerned, on the condition that they jointly examine in practical discourse whether a corresponding practice is in the equal interest of all. … the communicative structure of rational discourse can ensure that all relevant contributions are heard and that the unforced force of the better argument alone determines the "yes" or "no" responses of the participants."
"… the reflexive application of the universalisation test calls for a form of deliberation in which each participant is compelled to adopt the perspective of all others in order to examine whether a norm could be willed by all from the perspective of each person. This is the situation of a rational discourse oriented to reaching understanding in which all those concerned participate. This idea of a discursively produced understanding also imposes a greater burden of justification on the isolated judging subject than would a monologically applied universalisation test." Jürgen Habermas Communicative Ethics The inclusion of the Other. Studies in Political Theory. 1998
Eros must rule if man is to be united.
"Freud saw that in the id there is no negation, only affirmation and eternity. The instinctual reality is Dionysian drunkenness ‘We can come nearer to the id with images, and call it a chaos, a cauldron of seething excitement.'"
Norman O. Brown LIVE AGAINST DEATH
"In psychology, Freud and his followers have presented convincing arguments that the id, man's basic and unconscious nature, is primarily made up of instincts which would, if permitted expression, result in incest, murder, and other crimes. The whole problem of therapy, as seen by this group, is how to hold these untamed forces in check in a wholesome and constructive manner, rather than in the costly fashion of the neurotic." "‘Have you merely released the beast, the id, in man?' There is no beast in man. There is only man in man, and this we have been able to release." Carl Rogers on becoming a person
Karl Marx, in The Holy Family pointed out the universality of sensuous needs and man's necessity to overcome obstacles (barriers established by man and nature) in an effort to satisfying these needs. Thus, the barrier to world peace is the neurosis which is produced from a patriarchal environment.
"Through the repression of needs and wishes, it translates this constraint into a compulsion of internal nature, in other words into the constraint of social norms. That is why the relative destruction of the moral relation can be measured only by the difference between the actual degree of institutionally demanded repression and the degree of repression that is necessary at a given level of the forces of production. This difference is a measure of objectively superfluous domination. It is those who establish such domination and defend positions of power of this sort who set in motion the causality of fate, divide society into social classes, suppress justified interests, call forth the reactions of suppressed life, and finally experience their just fate in revolution." Jürgen Habermas Knowledge & Human Interest, 1968, publ. Polity Press, 1987. Chapter Three: The Idea of the Theory of Knowledge as Social
"For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world."
1 John 2:16
For Marx, Freud, Rogers, Maslow, etc. i.e. all from the Garden of Eden on, who use inductive reasoning to arrive at "truth," this is the unifying nature of mankind.
"Eros is fundamentally a desire for union with objects in the world. Eros is the foundation of morality."
Brown, Norman O. LIFE AGAINST DEATH. Middletown Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959 p. 41
Consensus―Recovering man's earthly foundation.
According to dialectical thinking, earthly attributes must be liberated if man is to be liberated--liberated not just for individual, personal pleasure, but for collective service. The seeds for liberation already manifest themselves in man's personal nature.
"Parental discipline, religious denunciation of bodily pleasure, . . . have all left man overly docile, but secretly in his unconscious unconvinced, and therefore neurotic. Neurotic symptoms, with their fixations on perversions and obscenities, demonstrate the refusal of the unconscious essence of our being to acquiesce in the dualism of flesh and spirit, higher and lower. The foundation on which the man of the future will be built is already there, in the repressed unconscious; the foundation has to be recovered."" Norman O. Brown LIFE AGAINST DEATH
Karl Marx understood the importance "dialectical reasoning," with its tie to the "power of sensuality," in assessing all issues of life.
"Mystery" becomes the "invisible content" of educated society, its real essence. It is "not a new twist" of Herr Szeliga's designed to enable him to proceed to further examination; "Mystery" itself takes this "new twist" in order to escape examination. The merit of this dialectical reasoning is to be assessed all the higher as it is of more general application.
He, for example, who is not allowed to drink at home and yet feels the need to drink looks for the "object" of drinking "outside" the house, and "so" takes to secret drinking. Indeed, he will be driven to consider secrecy an essential ingredient of drinking, although he will not debase drink to a mere "external" indifferent thing,
The mysterious in it is what excites, what intoxicates, what enraptures, the power of sensuality."
"It is true we do not like to admit," the reverend gentleman argues, "the power of sensuality; but it has such tremendous power over us only because we cast it out of us and will not recognize it as our own nature, which we should then be in a position to dominate if it tried to assert itself at the expense of reason, of true love and of will-power." Marx The Holy Family
Consensus is nothing more than the recovery of this earthy, worldly, nature of man. It is nothing more than the worship of the creation, the worship of mankind, the love of pleasure; it is group orgy.
Dialectical Process and its tie to Inductive Reasoning (theory)
Didactic is Deductive thinking (a priori, certain) while Dialectical is Inductive thinking (theory, uncertain).
1. Redefine Deductive thinking as deductive thinking (make a priori a "theory," thus certainty becomes uncertain). If someone can get you to voice your position as an opinion they have succeeded in getting you to convert your a priori Truth into an "I think," "Seems to," "theory" truth. You have now replaced certainty with uncertainty, all for the sake of social harmony.
2. Now when the "Didactic" use so-called deductive thinking, with its uncertain "theory" or opinion, in a room with other so-called deductive thinkers, with their uncertain "theories" or opinions, all can use inductive reasoning to come up with a new uncertain deductive "theory," (consensus). In this way a priori or certainty will never get in the way of the uncertainty of the inductive-deductive cycle of life. Identity now depends upon group uncertainty―"group theory," and the praxis of it. In this way, the only thing that can get in the way of carnal desires is whether they interfere with social harmony, i.e. Sodom and Gomorrha. Some things can not be cleansed with water, but must be judged by fire. But it is only done by God, and not by man. We are only called, like Noah, to warn of God's judgment.
Redefining Christianity for the PURPOSE of World Peace―definitive Christianity vs. speculative "Christianity"
Marx distinguishes the speculative (inductive) from the unspeculative (deductive) Christian. "The justice of state constitutions is to be decided not on the basis of Christianity, not from the nature of Christian society (deductive+Spirit) but from the nature of human society (inductive+Eros)." Joseph O'Malley (emphasis added) Leonard Wheat's excellent book on Paul Tillich, (Tillich was a regular attendee at the Frankfurt Schools meetings while in Frankfurt Germany) gives a clear example of inductive thinking Christianity. "Tillich is actually directing an apologetic humanistic message to a Christian audience. He is telling those Christians who can hear that they can accept humanism without relinquishing Christianity if they will accept man as the true meaning of God." (Inductive "Christianity") Tillich wrote: "Demonism concerns man's attitude toward others. Estrangement describes the condition of man which results from the Demonism of his fellow man. Humanism asserts that the test of human conduct must be found in human experience; concern for man replaces concern about pleasing God. Humanism elevates man to the rank of God." (emphasis added) Leonard F. Wheat Paul Tillich's Dialectical Humanism: Unmasking the God above God 1970 Karl Marx addresses the Christian as unspeculative and that his method of thinking, in Marx's time, continued to controll both education and social behavior. He knew that, with his help, this condition would soon be changing.
World Peace―reality as found in human praxis.
"It is not men's consciousness that determines their existence, but on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness." György Lukács History & Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? 1919
Marx understood Hegel. Both men understood the importance of philosophy and its effectiveness in suspending and overcoming the deductive, didactic, patriarchal, obedience nature of Christianity. But Marx saw the lack in Hegel, his absence of praxis.
"Philosophy as theory . . . establishes the basis of its reality as praxis; it serves to distinguish it from religion, the wisdom of the other world." Karl Marx Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'
"Praxis becomes the form of action appropriate to the isolated individual, it becomes his ethics." "Marx urged us to understand ‘the sensuous world,' the object, reality, as human sensuous activity." György Lukács History & Class Consciousness What is Orthodox Marxism? 1919
"The unspeculative Christian also recognizes sensuality as long as it does not assert itself at the expense of true reason, i.e., of faith, of true love, i.e., of love of God, of true will-power, i.e., of will in Christ. Not for the sake of sensual love, not for the lust of the flesh, but because the Lord said: Increase and multiply. It is not sensuality which is presented ..., but mysteries, adventures, obstacles, fears, dangers, and especially the attraction of what is forbidden." Karl Marx The Holy Family (emphasis added)
"It may be said that Philosophy first commences when ... a gulf has arisen between inward strivings and external reality, and the old forms of Religion, &c., are no longer satisfying; when Mind manifests indifference to its living existence or rests unsatisfied therein, and moral life becomes dissolved." Source: Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy Introduction B. Relation of Philosophy to Other Departments of Knowledge.
Engels explained the agenda most clearly.
"Our liberation from the present Christian state of the world and the liberation of the world from it are ultimately our sole occupation. We want to sweep away everything that claims to be supernatural and superhuman. For that reason we have once and for all declared war on religion. Our Christian opponents are guilty of immorality when they make the world and man dependent on the grace of a God. We lay claim to the meaning of history; but we see in history not the revelation of "God" but of man and only of man. The "more divine", in other words, the more inhuman, something is, the less we shall be able to admire it. The more "godly" they are, the more inhuman, the more bestial." Frederick Engels The Condition of England A review of Past and Present, by Thomas Carlyle, London, 1843 Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, 1844
The unspeculative Christian and his hold on education.
"Mystery, as that of educated society, withdraws, it is true, from the antithesis into the inner sphere. Nevertheless, high society once again has exclusively its own circles in which it preserves the holy. It is, as it were, the chapel for this holy of holies. But for people in the forecourt, the chapel itself is the mystery. Education, therefore, in its exclusive position is the same thing for the people ... as vulgarity is for the educated." Marx The Holy Family
"Education as yet is unable and unwilling to bring all estates and distinctions into its circle. Only Christianity and morality are able to found universal kingdoms on earth." Marx The Holy Family (emphasis added)
"(E) developing new models for re-mediation of basic academic skills, which models shall incorporate appropriate instructional methods, rather than using rote and didactic methods." School-To-Work, S 143 RS, p. 187 lines 21-24
"Marx defines the essence of man as labor and traces the dialectic of labor in history till labor abolishes itself." "Freud suggests that beyond labor at the end of history is love." "Love has always been there from the beginning . . . the hidden force supplying the energy devoted to labor and to making history." "Repressed Eros is the energy of history and labor must be seen as sublimated Eros." Norman O. Brown LIFE AGAINST DEATH. Middletown Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1959
Freud is suggesting, as I see it, that manual labor when related to sexual instincts is "healthy" while manual labor divorced from sexual instincts is neurotic.
"This carry-over from the study of neurosis to the study of labor in factories is legitimate." "Work is not about paying the rent anymore--it is about self-fulfillment." "Enlightenment management and humanistic supervision can be a brotherhood situation." "Partnership is the same as synergy." "The United States is changing into a managerial society." "In our democratic society, any enterprise--any individual--has its obligations to the whole." "Tax credits would be given to the company that helps to improve the whole society, and helps to improve the democracy by helping to create democratic individuals." "The goals of democratic education can be nothing else but development toward psychological health." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
"[Business] and the not-for-profits have a much greater role to play in shaping the good society than any institution I can think of." George McCown ibid.
"The more gratifying one's sexual life is, the more fulfilling and pleasurable is one's work." "It is necessary to establish not only the best external conditions of work, but also to create the inner biologic preconditions to allow the fullest unfolding of the biologic urge for activity." "Hence, the safeguarding of a completely satisfying sexual life for the working masses is the most important precondition of pleasurable work." "Sex-economy sociology was born from the effort to harmonize Freud's depth psychology with Marx's economic theory." "Since work and sexuality (in both the strict and broad senses of the word) are intermately interwoven, man's relationship to work is also a question of the sex-economy of masses of people." "Every effort must be made and all means employed to guard future generations against the influence of the biologic rigidity of the old generation." "The principle weapon on the arsenal of freedom is each new generation's tremendous urge to be free. The possibility of social freedom rests essentially upon this weapon and not upon anything else." "Every physician, educator, and social worker etc., who is to deal with children and adolescents will have to prove that he himself or she herself is healthy from a sex-economic point of view and that he or she has acquired exact knowledge on human sexuality between the ages of one and about eighteen." "… the education of the educators in sex-economy must be made mandatory." "Work and sexuality derive from the same biologic energy." "Psychoanalysis is the mother, sociology the father, of sex-economy." "The child's and adolescent's natural love of life must be protected by clearly defined laws." "Those forces in the individual and in the society that are natural and vial must be clearly separated from all the obstacles that operate against the spontaneous functioning of this natural vitality." "It is the elimination of all obstacles to freedom that has to be achieved." "Natural sociability and morality are present in men and women. What has to be eliminated is the disgusting moralizing which thwarts natural morality and then points to the criminal impulses, which it itself has brought into being." "Sexually awakened women, affirmed and recognized as such, would mean the complete collapse of the authoritarian ideology." "the right of the woman to her own body." "The termination of pregnancy is at variance with the meaning of the family, whose task it precisely the education of the coming generation – apart from the fact that the termination of pregnancy would mean the final destruction of the large family." "The preservation of the already existing large families is a matter of social feeling; . . the large family is preserved because national morality and national culture find their strongest support in it." Wilhelm Reich THE MASS PSYCHOLOGY OF FASCISM Translated by Vincent r. Cargagno. The Noonday Press, New York, 1946 4th printing 1971 p. 295
"Meaningful work comes very close to the religious quest in the humanistic sense." [The] "goal is simply to build group companies where people can self-actualize." George McCown "The problem for the accountants is to work out some way of putting on the balance sheet the amount of synergy in the organization, the amount of time and money and effort that has been invested in getting groups to work together." ". . . to identify with more and more of the world, moving toward the ultimate of mysticism, a fusion with the world, or peak experience, cosmic consciousness, etc." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
Herr Szeliga cannot see that industry and trade found universal kingdoms quite different from Christianity and morality, domestic happiness and civic welfare. Marx The Holy Family
Marx understood that it was paramount to gain control of industry and trade. The love of money would draw all into the replacing of money, controlling time, with mankind, not controlled by time. The importance, the control of industry and trade, have in regards to global praxis of the dialectical process is apparent if you spend time to read such books as Edward M. Glaser et. al. Putting Knowledge to Use: Facilitating the Diffusion of Knowledge and the Implementation of Planned Change. 1983 It bibliography alone is 165 pages long.
In the dialectical mind the individual can not exist apart from the group, the individual can only find his identity in the social, in the totality. Anyone holding to an a priori is of no worth―no social worth. His deductive reasoning alienates him from social praxis. Thus all institutions must be inductive in nature, and all ideologies (commandments―"It is written ...") treated as a theory (opinion―"I think ..."), and all theories must collapse before group harmony and purpose.
"The scientific study of ideology can only be made on the basis of theory." Theodor Adorno The Authoritarian Personality
Karl Korsch explained it this way"...to grasp philosophies and other ideological systems in theory as realities and to treat them as such in praxis." Bronner Of Critical Theory and its Theorists
"Few individuals, as Asch has shown, can maintain their objectivity in the face of apparent group unanimity; ..." Irvin D. Yalom Theory and Practice and Group Psychotherapy
Marx saw the error in Szeliga's reasoning as he recognized individual qualities, Christianity and morality, apart from the collective experience. For Marx, the individual can only stay in a state of incompleteness when apart from the group. Deductive reasoning would allow the person the tool wherewith he could stay in such an "unhealthy" condition.
Herr Szeliga transforms Christianity and morality into an individual quality. Marx The Holy Family
False teaching―Science vs. Religion.
True Science has nothing to fear from the Bible and Christians have nothing to fear from True Science.
Those who use "so called science" hate God. "God's work is a source of corruptions in individuals." John Dewey Democracy and Education 1919 "The organized subject-matter of the adult and the specialist cannot provide the starting point when education is based in theory and practice upon experience." John Dewey Experience and Education "Science can be the religion of the nonreligious." "Insofar as my own effort is concerned, it has always been an attempt to wed science with humanistic goals--to improve individual people and the society as a whole." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management, , John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998.
"If the school does not claim the authority to distinguish between science and religion, it loses control of the curriculum and surrenders it to the will of the electorate."
Society as Educator in an Age of Transition, Ed. Kenneth Benne, Eighty-sixth Year of the National Society for the Study of Education, Chic ago Press. Ill. 1987, p. 259
When children from a patriarch-structured family participate in an inductive reasoning, dialectical environment, used to determine morals and ethics, they will always come home with condescension toward their family structure (wicked behavior). The process, brought by the child back into the home, will produce added stress in the family, forcing the parents to either "crack down" to restore order or acquiesce to bring "peace" back into the home. With enough outside support, from an inductive reasoning institution or person, along with an internal determination (stubbornness) by the child "to be their own person", the crisis-creating child will be able to force the parents to look outside the home for assistance. If they turn any direction, except to another deductive reasoning institution, for assistance, the patriarchal home will experience dissolution.
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This movement, as you can see, can not allow citizens (the electorate) to determine their future. Like a cult, it must decide for them. This contempt toward the patriarchal citizen, at home and at work, was reflected in a speech by Lenin. A speech which resulted in the bloody execution of millions of Russia citizens. Lenin was concerned about external enemies to his "peace" program but he was also aware of "a more powerful enemy," the enemy which permeated all of society, the traditional family with its small business―pop and mom business, deductive thinking business with its "Do it my way or else ... because I said so." attitude, with its patriarchal paradigm. For him, and all who think dialectically-inductively, small business―industrial authoritarianism― must be "eradicated," if a democracy society is to prevail.
"...a more powerful enemy, the bourgeoisie, whose resistance ... and whose power lies in ... the force of habit, in the strength of small-scale production. Unfortunately, small-scale production is still widespread in the world, and small-scale production engenders capitalism and the bourgeoisie continuously, daily, hourly, spontaneously, and on a mass scale. Capitalism and the bourgeois environment … disappears very slowly even after the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, (since the peasantry constantly regenerates the bourgeoisie) give rise to what is essentially the same bourgeois careerism, national chauvinism, petty-bourgeois vulgarity, etc. —merely varying insignificantly in form—in positively every sphere of activity and life. … until small-scale economy and small commodity production have entirely disappeared, the bourgeois atmosphere, proprietary habits and petty-bourgeois traditions will hamper proletarian work both outside and within the working-class movement, … in every field of social activity, in all cultural and political spheres without exception. We must learn how to master every sphere of work and activity without exception, to overcome all difficulties and eradicate all bourgeois habits, customs and traditions everywhere." Vladimir Lenin Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder; An Essential Condition of the Bolsheviks' Success, May 12, 1920 emphasis added
"The best way to destroy democratic society would be by way of industrial authoritarianism, which is anti-democratic in the deepest sense." Abraham Maslow Maslow on Management John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
This "scientific method" always declares war on its own citizens. Citizens who are always told that the process is being used to serve and protect them. When the Directorate of the French Revolution assisted the Nobles (to protect them from the mob), the Nobles all died at the hands of the mob.
But we have the mind of Christ. 1 Corinthians 2:16
Every direction you turn today, whether at work, in government, or in the church, you can see the same attack being made. This time instead of guns, counseling techniques are being utilized, at least for now. The patriarchal minded, deductive thinking American citizen is now under governmentally produced duress. I call this process "user friendly Marxism," "Communism with a smile." The outcome is always the same―the persecution of those who fear God (those who think deductively), by those who hate God (those who think inductively). Such is the mind of Satan. But he is judged, and will be judged, as will all who follow him. But realize this: Both Heaven and Hell are permanent. Without repenting of your sins, revealed by the Law of God, and accepting Jesus Christ as your lord and savior, and obeying his commands, you will spend eternity in Hell. Jesus IS the WAY, the TRUTH, and LIFE. There is no other way to the Father but by him. Every breath you take is a gift from Him. Every breath you have ever taken is a gift from Him. Every breath you will take is a gift from Him. You might disagree. That is your right (given to you by God himself). But after you take your last breath you will meet Him, at that moment your inductively reasoned opinion will not matter.
Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption. 1 Corinthians 15:50
As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent. Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne. He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches. Revelation 3:19-22
Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints; Ephesians 6:10-18
And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. Revelation 12:11
We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; Persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed; Always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body. For we which live are always delivered unto death for Jesus' sake, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our mortal flesh. 2 Corinthians 4:8-11
But and if ye suffer for righteousness' sake, happy are ye: and be not afraid of their terror, neither be troubled; But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear: Having a good conscience; that, whereas they speak evil of you, as of evildoers, they may be ashamed that falsely accuse your good conversation in Christ. For it is better, if the will of God be so, that ye suffer for well doing, than for evil doing. 1 Peter 3:14-17
Be careful (gr. anxious) for nothing (gr. for nobody); but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6-7
And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ: That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ: From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love. This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind, Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart: Who being past feeling have given themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness with greediness. But ye have not so learned Christ; If so be that ye have heard him, and have been taught by him, as the truth is in Jesus: That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; And be renewed in the spirit of your mind; And that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness. Ephesians 4:11-24
(emphasis added)
1 "group thing" Following quoted from http://www.afirstlook.com/. regarding the space shuttle Challenger explosion on January 28, 1986. Return to page position
Irving Janis, Yale social psychologist, defines groupthink as a consensus-seeking tendency. He originally defined groupthink as ‘‘a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action." According to his definition, groupthink occurs only when cohesiveness is high. It requires that members share a strong ‘‘we-feeling" of solidarity and desire to maintain relationships within the group at all costs. When colleagues operate in a groupthink mode, they automatically apply the ‘‘preserve group harmony" test to every decision they face." 5. Self-Censorship....instead of clearly stating ‘‘I recommend we don't ...," offered an equivocal opinion. 6. Illusion of Unanimity....team interpreted silence as agreement." 7. Direct Pressure on Dissenters. ‘‘take off his engineering hat and put on his management hat." Third Edition of A First Look at Communication Theory by Em Griffin, Ó 1997, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Statements made at meeting prior to launch. Source: Report of the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident Chapter V: The Contributing Cause of The Accident.
At that time Joe Kilminster requested a five minute off-net caucus, and that caucus lasted approximately 30 minutes.
The teleconference was recessed at approximately 10:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The off-net caucus of Thiokol personnel started and continued for about 30 minutes at the Wasatch office. The major issues, according to the testimony of Jerry Mason, Senior Vice President for Wasatch Operations, were the effect of temperature upon the O-rings and the history of erosion of the O-rings: 12
Mr. Mason: Now, in the caucus we revisited all of our previous discussions, and the important things that came out of that was that, as we had recognized, we did have the possibility that the primary O-ring might be slower to move into the seating position and that was our concern, and that is what we had focused on originally.
The fact that we couldn't show direct correlation with the O-ring temperature was discussed, but we still felt that there was some concern about it being colder.
We then recognized that, if the primary did move more slowly, that we could get some blow-by and erosion on the primary. But we had pointed out to us in that caucus a point that had not come across clearly in our earlier discussions, and that is that we had run tests where we deliberately cut large pieces out of the O-rings to see what the threshold of sealing was, and we found we could go to 125 thousandths of a cut out of the O-ring and it would still seal.
Approximately 10 engineers participated in the caucus, along with Mason, Kilminster, C. G. Wiggins (Vice President, Space Division), and Lund. Arnold Thompson and Boisjoly voiced very strong objections to launch, and the suggestion in their testimony was that Lund was also reluctant to launch:13
Mr. Boisjoly: Okay, the caucus started by Mr. Mason stating a management decision was necessary. Those of us who opposed the launch continued to speak out, and I am specifically speaking of Mr. Thompson and myself because in my recollection he and I were the only ones that vigorously continued to oppose the launch. And we were attempting to go back and rereview and try to make clear what we were trying to get across, and we couldn't understand why it was going to be reversed. So we spoke out and tried to explain once again the effects of low temperature. Arnie actually got up from his position which was down the table, and walked up the table and put a quarter pad down in front of the table, in front of the management folks, and tried to sketch out once again what his concern was with the joint, and when he realized he wasn't getting through, he just stopped.
I tried one more time with the photos. I grabbed the photos, and I went up and discussed the photos once again and tried to make the point that it was my opinion from actual observations that temperature was indeed a discriminator and we should not ignore the physical evidence that we had observed .
And again, I brought up the point that SRM- 15 [Flight 51 -C, January, 1985] had a 110 degree arc of black grease while SRM-22 [Flight 61-A, October, 1985] had a relatively different amount, which was less and wasn't quite as black. I also stopped when it was apparent that I couldn't get anybody to listen.
Dr. Walker: At this point did anyone else speak up in favor of the launch?
Mr. Boisjoly: No, sir. No one said anything, in my recollection, nobody said a word. It was then being discussed amongst the management folks. After Arnie and I had [93] our last say, Mr. Mason said we have to make a management decision. He turned to Bob Lund and asked him to take off his engineering hat and put on his management hat. From this point on, management formulated the points to base their decision on. There was never one comment in favor, as I have said, of launching by any engineer or other nonmanagement person in the room before or after the caucus. I was not even asked to participate in giving any input to the final decision charts.
I went back on the net with the final charts or final chart, which was the rationale for launching, and that was presented by Mr. Kilminster. It was hand written on a notepad, and he read from that notepad. I did not agree with some of the statements that were being made to support the decision. I was never asked nor polled, and it was clearly a management decision from that point.
I must emphasize, I had my say, and I never [would] take [away] any management right to take the input of an engineer and then make a decision based upon that input, and I truly believe that. I have worked at a lot of companies, and that has been done from time to time, and I truly believe that, and so there was no point in me doing anything any further than I had already attempted to do.
I did not see the final version of the chart until the next day. I just heard it read. I left the room feeling badly defeated, but I felt I really did all I could to stop the launch.
Columbia Shuttle Accident: quoted from Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report Excerpts By SPACE.com Staff posted: 10:00 am ET 26 August 2003
Cultural traits and organizational practices detrimental to safety were allowed to develop, including: reliance on past success as a substitute for sound engineering practices (such as testing to understand why systems were not performing in accordance with requirements); organizational barriers that prevented effective communication of critical safety information and stifled professional differences of opinion; lack of integrated management across program elements; and the evolution of an informal chain of command and decision-making processes that operated outside the organization's rules.
© Institution for Authority Research Dean Gotcher 2006-2015